2.3 Making a Lot of Noise and Carrying a Big Stick Imperialism and America

1. 2.3 Making a Lot of Noise and Carrying a Big Stick Imperialism and America Essential Questions: • What were the causes of America Imperialism? • What were the consequences of American Imperialism?

2. Global Competition • European countries for centuries had been establishing colonies all over the world • Africa became a primary target and by early 20th century only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent • Asia was also ripe for imperialism • In late 1800s, Japan became major competition with European powers over control of China • Some Americans wanted an to join in with the overseas expansion • manifest destiny and social Darwinism justification

3. British • Belgian • Danish • Dutch • German • French • Italian • Portuguease • Russian • Spanish

4. 4 Factors Fueling New American Imperialism • Desire for military strength • Thirst for new markets • Belief in cultural superiority – social Darwinism • Duty to Spread Christianity

5. 1. Desire for Military Strength • America “policemen of the Western Hemisphere” intervening in international affairs of Latin America • Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine • “Chronic wrongdoing…may…ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and…adherence…to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States…to the exercise of an international police power” – (Latin America was focus of this statement) • Big Stick Policy (displayed in above quote)

6. 2. Thirst for New Markets • American Industries needed raw materials and markets 3. Belief in Cultural Superiority • Social Darwinism – Americans are at the top of the social ladder, so naturally it is their right to dominate the rest 4. Duty to Spread Christianity • Some (Interventionists) thought it was America’s duty to spread Christianity and democracy around the world

7. Territories Gained from US Imperialism • Hawaii • Alaska • Guam • Puerto Rico • Philippines

8. Consequences of US Imperialism • Consequences of US Imperialism: • The Spanish American War • The US won easily and fighting lasted only a few days • Expanding trade • Acquisition of the Panama Canal • Panama Revolution – Roosevelt supported the revolution in an attempt to gain control of the canal zone

9. American Imperialism andThe Spanish American War

10. Overview • Causes • Message to Garcia- http://www.birdsnest.com/garcia.htm • Leaders • Timeline-Events • Maps • Cartoons • Evaluation

11. Causes of Spanish American War • Imperialism • Social Darwinism- Activity • http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/activity.html • Yellow Journalism • Militarism • Industrial Revolution • World Power (land)

12. Imperialism The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political control over other nations

13. Social Darwinism • The application of Darwinism to the study of human society, specifically a theory in sociology that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority.

14. Yellow Journalism • Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers.

15. Yellow Journalism • Sensationalist reporting • Purpose: To bring about REFORM • The term originated during the American Gilded Age of the late nineteenth century with the circulation battles between • Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and • William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal. • The battle peaked from 1895 to about 1898, and historical usage often refers specifically to this period. • Both papers were accused by critics of sensationalizing the news in order to drive up circulation, although the newspapers did serious reporting as well. • During the 1800s Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst used yellow journalism to generate public support for the Spanish-American War

16. Militarism 1.Glorification of the ideals of a professional military class 2. A policy in which military preparedness is of primary importance to a state

17. Industrial Revolution • The complex of radical socioeconomic changes, such as the ones that took place in England in the late 18th century, that are brought about when extensive mechanization of production systems results in a shift from home-based hand manufacturing to large-scale factory production

18. World Power - Review • Need for new markets to sell goods • More land to get raw materials • Keep up with European Powers • Goals of leadership

19. Remember the Maine • At 9:40pm on February 15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor • 268 men were killed, shocking the American population • What or who caused this explosion? • http://www.homeofheroes.com/wallofhonor/spanish_am/02_maine.html

20. Waiting for the Facts • Who is waiting? • Why wait? • Why might the United States want to go to war? • What positive effects or outcomes could come from a war with Spain?

21. Leaders • William McKinley • Theodore Roosevelt • George Dewey • William Randolph Hearst • General Weyler “The Butcher • Emilio Aguinaldo

22. William McKinley, Jr. (1843-1901) • 25th President • Wanted to avoid war in Cuba • Yellow journalism and public supported war • In April 1898, President McKinley abandoned his failed diplomatic efforts and asked Congress for permission to intervene in Cuba.

23. Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy. • “I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one” • First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the "Rough Riders.“ Stop, drop, that’s how rough riders roll…..(DMX)

24. Commodore George Dewey • May 1, 1899— Commodore Dewey and his Asiatic Squadron defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay • During and after the war, George Dewey became one of the war's most celebrated heroes

25. William Randolph Hearst • Newspaper publisher and leading example of yellow journalism • New York Journal started a public hysteria for war with Spain by publishing incendiary articles and illustrations • Hearst once said "You provide the pictures and I'll provide the war."

26. General Weyler “The Butcher” • In 1896, the Spanish sent "The Butcher," to Cuba • To prevent the insurrectos • Weyler built concentration camps in which he imprisoned a large portion of the population • Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the concentration camps, • Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from disease

27. Emilio Aguinaldo • The Philippines' revolutionary leader • Fought first against Spanish imperialism • After the end of the Spanish- American War, fought against American

28. Events-Timeline • 1895: Cuban nationalists revolt against Spanish rule • 1896: Spanish General Weyler (the "Butcher") comes to Cuba. • 1897: Spain recalls Weyler • Early 1898: USS Maine sent to Cuba • February 9, 1898: Hearst publishes Dupuy du Lome's letter insulting McKinley.

33. Spanish Politeness • Who is holding the knife? • Name the ship • Is this an example of Yellow Journalism? Explain

34. Events-Timeline • February 15, 1898: Sinking of the USS Maine • February 25, 1898: Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt cables Commodore Dewey with plan: attack the Philippines if war with Spain breaks out • April 11, 1898: McKinley approves war with Spain • April 24, 1898: Spain declares war on the US • April 25, 1898: US declares war on Spain

35. Let go of him McKinley • Who is McKinley holding? • Who is being attacked? • What is the message to the public in 1898?

36. Events-Timeline • May 1, 1898: Battle of Manila Bay (Philippines) • May, 1898: July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders" • July 3, 1898: Battle of Santiago - Spain's Caribbean fleet destroyed. • July 7, 1898: Hawaii annexed • July 17, 1898: City of Santiago surrenders to General William Shafter • August 12, 1898: Spain signs armistice • August 13, 1898: US troops capture Manila

37. July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders"

38. Events-Timeline • December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris signed - US annexes Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines. • January 23, 1899: Philippines declares itself an independent republic - Led by Emilio Auginaldo, the self-declared Filipino government fights a guerilla war against the US that lasts longer than the Spanish-American War itself. • February 6, 1899: the Treaty of Paris passes in the Senate • 1900: Foraker Act - Some self-government allowed in Puerto Rico.

39. Events-Timeline • March 1901: Emilio Auginaldo captured. • 1901: Platt Amendment-Cuban government could not enter any foreign agreement, allows two naval bases in Cuba and U.S can intervene when necessary • 1902: US withdraws from Cuba • 1917: Puerto Ricans given US citizenship

40. Map

41. Results of the Spanish American War • Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898 ended the Spanish- American War • Cuba went free, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines were ceded to the US, and the US agreed to pay Spain an indemnity of $20 million • America becomes a world power • QUIZ TIME!!!

42. Quiz-Question’s 1-3 • Who am I? • What was my role in the Spanish American War? • What was the nickname of my voluntary Calvary?

43. Quiz-Questions 4-6 4. What role did Yellow Journalism play in the war? 5. What ship blew up sparking the war? 6. Who was the President during the Spanish American War?

44. Question 7 7. What hill is being taken by Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders?

45. Question 8 8. Who am I? Hint the Admiral of the US Navy Asiatic fleet in Philippians

46. Short Answers 9. What do you think was the real cause of the Spanish-American War? Do you think the war was necessary? 10. What responsibilities does the press have in terms of how it reports news stories? What are the short-term benefits of exaggerating or fabricating stories to make exciting headlines? What might be some long-term benefits of adhering to the truth?