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Money or Ideas? A Field Experiment on Constraints to Entrepreneurship in Rural Pakistan. By Xavier Gine and Ghazala Mansuri Comments by Elena Bardasi , March 30, 2011. Policy questions. Is the intervention worth replicating/scaling-up? Does the intervention have an impact?
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Money or Ideas? A Field Experiment on Constraints to Entrepreneurship in Rural Pakistan By Xavier Gine and GhazalaMansuri Comments by Elena Bardasi, March 30, 2011
Policy questions Is the intervention worth replicating/scaling-up? • Does the intervention have an impact? • What explains the impact (or lack of impact)? • Selection issues – targeting • Implementation issues • Sources of the impact • Cost effectiveness
Randomization, selection, and targeting Treatment and control equally made of: ½ COs male (a) 747 COs randomization ½ COs female ORIENTATION SESSION 61% of individuals (a) / 90% of businesses for 55% eligible for loans (2284) (4162 / 2532) Special meeting to conduct (b)BASELINE SURVEY Randomization?
Definition of the ‘treatment’ and implementation issues • Does same treatment imply same implementation modalities? • Is a pair of male and female trainers the same treatment for men and women? • Do different sectors require the same business training? • What is training?
Sources of the impacts • Exploring heterogeneity • What is the effect of the combination of business training and education? • Interaction with agricultural activities (50% of men have a agribusiness vs. only 20% of women)
Gender effects • Gender dimensions: • Household level analysis. To what extent do women actually manage their loans? (What do their husband do? Do they have enterprises?) • Do women need “more intensive interventions”? • Lower opportunity costs • What do women need to increase their sales?