Improving Global Fisheries: Challenges and Opportunities

1. Improving Global Fisheries: Challenges and Opportunities Dr Lahsen Ababouch Chief, Fish Products, Trade and Marketing Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Food and Agriculture Organization Rome, Italy World Ocean Forum 2011 Busan, Korea Ocotber 26 – 28, 2011

2. Global fish production million tons

4. Fisheries and Aquaculture Value Chain (Estimatedat US $ 818 billion) Capture fisheries US $ 100 billion Primary processing US $ 90 billion Secondary processing US $ 180 billion Distribution US $ 350 billion Aquaculture US $ 98 billion • Employment in Fisheries and Aquaculture: • - 45 million people employed in 2008 • - 180 million along the value chain • - 540 million people depend on fisheries for theirlivelihoods

7. 2011-20 World utilization and consumption projections Utilization in million tonnes kg/capita

10. Contribution of fish to protein intake Fish as percentage of total animal protein intake

11. Main fish exporters 2010 (value)

13. 33% (28% 2006; 25% in 2003) 85% 67% State of Global Fish Stocks in 2008 (18% 2006)

15. Sustainability • Fisheries • improved management • combating IUU • Eco-labeling • Aquaculture development • Environmental protection • Socio-economic development • Animal health • Feed supply • Reducing post harvest losses

16. International law • United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS,1982) • FAO Compliance Agreement (1993) • UN Fish Stocks Agreements:The United Nations Agreement for the Implementation of UNCLOS relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks • Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

17. Diagram of Maritime Zones

18. IPOA-Capacity IPOA-Seabirds CODE OF CONDUCT For ResponsibleFisheries IPOA-IUU IPOA-Sharks Strategy: Status and Trends on Capture Fisheries Technical Guidelines Strategy: Status and Trends on Aquaculture CCRF andMainImplementationInstruments

19. Translated into 27 languages!

20. The RFMO Secretariats Network (RSN)

21. The RFMO Secretariats Network • The Regional Fishery Body Secretariats Network (RSN) is an informal consortium of secretariats representing up to 50 regional fisheries bodies (RFBs) responsible for inland, coastal and oceanic fisheries • It provides a forum for promoting dialogue and consultation. In executing its function, the RSN serves to underpin the important role played by RFBs in the conservation and management of fisheries • FAO serves as the secretariat and RSN meets every 2 years after COFI (http://www.fao.org/fishery/rsn)

22. Example of a RFMO: NEAFC Convention Contracting Parties Denmark (in respect of the Faroe Islands & Greenland), EU, Iceland, Norway, Russian Federation 2. Cooperating non-Contracting Parties Belize, Cook Islands, Canada, Japan, New Zealand 3. Objective The objective of the NEAFC Convention is to ensure the long-term conservation and optimum utilisation of the fishery resources in the Convention Area, providing sustainable economic, environmental and social benefits.

23. Optimal Utilization and Conservation • Fishing impacts on the marine ecosystems • Fishing nations and communities need to pursue their legitimate objective of establishing economic development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs • Fishing is the only human activity in the oceans that is totally dependent on healthy ecosystems and clean oceans. • The challenge is how to balance conservation with optimal utilisation of the living resources of the sea

24. Combating IUU fishing: Protecting against free riders • The objective is to protect the rights of legal fishermen, operating under national and regional, efficient fisheries management, against free riders • Major IUU problems in the NEAFC Convention area have been IUU fishing by flags of convenience vessels for redfish in the Irminger sea and unreported catches of cod from the Barents sea • The idea was to blacklist vessels to deny vessels on the lists access to ports and services in the NEAFC area.

25. The FAO Agreement on Port State Measures (Nov 2009) • Establishes minimum standards for port states measures to monitor and control activities of foreign fishing vessels • Parties required to deny access and port services to vessels suspect of having engaged in IUU fishing • Parties to designate ports of access by foreign vessels and inspection standards • Creation of an information sharing mechanism on IUU vessels

26. Food scares: Mad cow disease, Dioxin, Avian flu, SARS,... Loss of confidence in public control authorities Concern over the sustainability of natural resources, the marine fauna (dolphins, whales, turtles,...) and environment Increasing influence of civil society and consumer advocacy groups Globalization of production, processing and trade Vertical integration and Consolidation “Supermarketization”, including in developing countries Increasing role of retailers as the last link between suppliers and consumers The use of B2B standards to protect reputations Emergence of coalitions (GFSI, BRC) Market based measures

27. “Corporate social responsibility” - Legality (IUU)- Sustainability- Certification - Eco-labelling- Tracability and chain of custody- Social and Environmental aspects

28. “Fisheries Sustainability is too important to leave it to the market” Quentin Clark, Senior Buyer, Waitrose Ltd, UK Do we not ALL have shared responsibility? • Catching • Farming • Sector • Governments • Policymakers • Fisheries Bodies • NGO’s • Processors • Retailers

29. Growing Multiple-use of the Ocean • Fisheries • Aquaculture • Shipping • Oil and gas • Tourism • Mining / Dredging • Submarine cables • Offshore wind energy • Wave/tidal energy • Carbon sequestration • Etc.

30. Opportunity for sustainable fisheries • Fisheries and aquaculture stakeholders should engage other ocean industries to address cross-cutting issues that affect seafood supply • Ensuring oil/gas, shipping and other ocean users understand the special role and needs of fisheries and aquaculture • Working with other ocean users to address the threats to sustainable seafood supply, e.g. the impacts to marine ecosystem health • Achieving business benefits through cross-sectoral efforts to address shared impact issues, e.g. marine debris, invasive species, ocean noise

31. ! شكراً 谢谢! Thank you! Merci! Gracias! Спасибо Lahsen.Ababouch@fao.org