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Introduction to Chemistry and Matter

Explore the basics of chemistry and matter, including the composition of atoms, organic and inorganic compounds, macromolecules, vitamins, minerals, and the importance of water in cells.

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Introduction to Chemistry and Matter

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  1. Biochemistry!

  2. Chemistry and Matter! • Chemistry is the study of matter • Matter is made up of Atoms, the smallest free unit found in matter • An atom is composed of 3 parts • A positively charged ion Proton • A negatively charged ion Electron • A neutral ion: Neutron

  3. Elements! • An Elementis the purest form of a substance. CANNOT be broken down further • There are over 100 of them. In biology, it is necessary to know and recognize about 15

  4. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry • Organic Chemistry (Living) • Molecules and compounds made up of at least Carbon and Hydrogen • Examples: • Carbohydrates • Lipids, • Proteins, • Nucleic acids Inorganic Chemistry (Not living) • Molecules made up of all elements EXCEPT the Carbon and Hydrogen pair. • Examples: • C02 • Water, (H20) • Soil • Minerals • NaCl

  5. Organic Molecules • Which of the following compounds are organic? • Water (H2O) • Glucose (C6H12O6) • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Oxygen (O2) • Bleach (NaClO) • Salt (NaCl) • How did you determine this?

  6. Organic Molecules Needed for Life

  7. Macromolecules: Proteins • Body building compounds (growth and development) CHONPS • Makes tissues, organs, organelles, Transmits messages • Made of C H N O P S • Found in Muscles, cell membranes, enzymes, and hormones • Receptors, antibodies, antigens, neurotransmitters, hemoglobin • Many Amino acids (monomer-subunits) make up a Protein (Polymer—Polypeptide)

  8. sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar Macromolecule: Carbohydrates Sugars; glucose, lactose… C6H12O6 • Subunits= • Many sugars make up one starch • Functions: • Quick energy • Starches-long term energy storage • Starches in plants, glycogen and chitin in animals

  9. Macromolecule: Lipids (fats) • Examples: fats (solids), waxes, oils (liquids), CHO Functions: • Long term energy storage • Prevent water loss, • Insulation (keep in heat) • Cushioning Subunits: 1 fat molecule made from 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

  10. Macromolecule: Nucleic Acid • Made from MONOMER subunits nucleotides • Functions to make RNA and other proteins • Functions to hold and direct gene expression

  11. Vitamins and Minerals • Minerals: Elements that are essential for certain molecules (for synthesis or proper functions • Calcium- bones, Iron- hemoglobin, Sodium- blood pressure • Vitamins: required for proper enzyme action

  12. Water • Cells are made up of about 70% water • Including single celled organisms such as the protozoa

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