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1. 33 34 Biochemistry Biochemistry 9/18/13 9/18/13 Connection/Exit: 1.What are the major biomolecules made and used by living organisms? 2.What is the structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids? 3.What is the function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids? Starter: Based of the word, what do you think Biochemistry means?? 1 Practice: Video Application: Notes

2. Table of Contents Date Lecture/ Activity/ Lab Page 9/18 Ecological Succession 29-30 9/19 Ecosystem Lab 9/23 Biochemistry 33-34

4. Biology Unit 03 Biomolecules discussion

5. What is a Biomolecule? • Organic molecule made by living organisms • Consists mostly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)

6. But wait…What is an Organic Molecule? • Organic Molecules: • Contain carbon • Considered the “chemicals of life” • Inorganic Molecules: • Do not contain carbon

7. Monomers vs. Polymers • Monomers: • Molecules that may react with similar molecules to form a chain • Polymers: • A chain of many monomers that are chemically bonded together

8. Animation of Condensation

9. Formation of Polymers • How are polymers formed? • Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are removed from the monomers to form water, and the two monomers are joined together.

10. Animation showing Hydrolysis

11. Breakdown of Polymers • How are polymers broken down? • Hydrolysis—the reverse of dehydration synthesis (condensation) • Water added to the polymer, un-linking the chain and breaking it back down to its original monomer units

12. Carbohydrates • What are carbohydrates? • Group of organic molecules that includes sugars, starches, and cellulose

13. Carbohydrates • Structure: • Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio • (CH2O)n – n is an integer such as 5 (C5H10O5) • Subunits: monosaccharides, such as glucose or fructose • Most often in a ring shape • Subunits are connected with covalent bonds.

14. Monosaccharide Example

15. Disaccharide Example

16. Polysaccharide Example

17. Carbohydrates • Function: • Energy • Structural support • Cell wall • Cell membrane marker

18. Lipids • What are they? • Organic molecule group including fats and phospholipids

19. Lipids • Structure: • Subunits: • Glycerol and fatty acids • Glycerol and fatty acids plus phosphate group • Insoluble in water • Do not form large polymers (2 or 3 fatty acids with glycerol) • Examples: diglyceride and triglyceride

20. Triglyceride Example

21. Phospholipid Example

22. Lipids • Function: • Energy storage • Insulation • Part of cell membrane (phospholipids) • Hormones

23. Proteins • What are proteins? • Group of organic molecules that provides structure and facilitates chemical reactions.

24. Proteins • Structure: • Subunits: Amino acids • Amino acids connect via peptide bonds • Very large molecules • Globular or structural

25. Amino Acid

26. Proteins • Function: • Lots of functions! • Enzymes (speed rate of chemical reactions) • Structural components in cells • Mechanical functions in muscles and cytoskeleton (internal cell framework) • Cell signaling • Immune response

27. Nucleic Acids • What are nucleic acids? • Group of organic molecules including DNA and RNA

28. Nucleic Acids • Structure: • Subunits are nucleotides—5-Carbon sugar, Nitrogen base, and one or more Phosphate groups.

29. Nucleic Acids • Function: • Storage and retrieval of information: • Encode genes • Gene expression

30. Information Sources for Diagrams Capri, A. (2003). Carbohydrates. Retrieved from http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=61 Capri, A. (2003). Fats and proteins. Retrieved from http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=62 Indiana University. (2013). Fat and why it matters to you. Retrieved from http://www.indiana.edu/~oso/Fat/SolidNLiquid.html Cronk, J. (2012). Biochemistry dictionary. Retrieved from http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/cronk/biochem/H-index.cfm?definition=hydrogen_bond Chemical Education Digital Library Admin. (2011, January 20). Nucleic acid structure. Retrieved from Cronk, J. (2012). Biochemistry dictionary. Retrieved from http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/cronk/biochem/H-index.cfm?definition=hydrogen_bond Dna structure. (2010, September 28). Retrieved from http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/Biology/rcotter/BIO 205/LessonBuilders/Chapter 9 LB/Ch9b3.html

31. Information Sources for this PPT Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Biomolecules and the Chemistry of Life. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/ Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Organic vs. Inorganic Molecules - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/organic-inorganic-molecules.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Monomers, Polymers, and Dehydration Synthesis - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/monomers-polymers-dehydration-synthesis.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Lipids - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/lipids.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Carbohydrates - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/carbohydrates.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Proteins - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/proteins.html Shmoop Editorial Team. (November 11, 2008).Nucleic Acids - Shmoop Biology. Retrieved April 6, 2013, from http://www.shmoop.com/biomolecules/nucleic-acids.html

32. 33 34 Biochemistry Biochemistry 9/18/13 9/18/13 Connection/Exit: 1.What are the major biomolecules made and used by living organisms? 2.What is the structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids? 3.What is the function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids? Starter: Based of the word, what do you think Biochemistry means?? 1 Practice: Video Application: Notes