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Fungi of superficial keratinized infection

Fungi of superficial keratinized infection. Malassezia furfur （秕糠马拉癣菌）. Fungi of skin infection. The most important are dermatophytes, a group of closely fungi classified into 3 genera: Trichophyton （毛癣菌） Epidermophyton （表皮癣菌 0 Microsprum （小孢子癣菌） Invade only skin, hair, and nails.

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Fungi of superficial keratinized infection

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  1. Fungi of superficial keratinized infection • Malassezia furfur（秕糠马拉癣菌）.

  2. Fungi of skin infection • The most important are dermatophytes, a group of closely fungi classified into 3 genera: • Trichophyton（毛癣菌） • Epidermophyton （表皮癣菌0 • Microsprum（小孢子癣菌） Invade only skin, hair, and nails.

  3. Fungi of subcutaneous infection • Chromomycosis (caused by several species of black molds; Fonsecaea edrosoi, Cladosporium carrionii, Phialophora verrua have been isolated most frequently).

  4. Fungi of deep infection • Cryptococcus neoformans • Histoplasma capsulatum • Coccidioides immites ( 厌酷球孢子菌〕 • Blastomyes dermatitides （皮炎芽生菌〕 • Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis （巴西副孢子菌〕

  5. Cryptococcus neoformans • Oval , budding yeast surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule

  6. Cryptococcus neoformans

  7. Cryptococcus neoformans • cryptococcosis • No human to human transmission • Infection follows inhalation of the cell of C. neoformans, which , in nature , are thought to be small , allowing the organism to enter deep into the lung.

  8. Opportunistic Mycoses • Candida（假丝酵母菌） • Aspergillus （曲霉） • Mucor（毛霉） • Pneumocystis carinii(卡氏肺孢菌）

  9. Candida albicans

  10. Etiological agents • C.albicans C.guilliermondi C.stellatoidea C.krusei C.tropicalis • C.glabratat C.parapsilosis C.viswanathii C.kefyr* C.lusitaniae

  11. Clinical categories • Cutaneous: intetrigo,paronychia,onychomycosis • Mucocutaneous: perleche, thrush, perianal disease • Chronic: mucocutaneous candidiasis, guanulomatous disease • Systemic: fungemia ,endocarditis,pulmonary infection,urinary tract infection, meningitis, endophthalmitis

  12. Yeasts Round to oval, single cells which reproduce by budding

  13. Yeasts • Candida • Cryptococcus

  14. Candidiasis Candida albicans

  15. Ecological Niche Candida Albicans Endogenous

  16. Infections with Candida usually occur when there is some alteration in: • Cellular immunity • Normal Flora • Physiology

  17. CANDIDIASIS • Skin • Vaginitis • Urinary tract • Mucous membranes • Septicemia • Endocarditis • Pneumonia

  18. CANDIDIASIS The fourth most common nosocomial bloodstream infection.

  19. Clinical SpecimensCandida • Sputum • Scrapings from lesions • Blood smears • Vaginal discharge • Urine • Feces

  20. Candida albicans

  21. 8-12 MICRONS

  22. Pseudomycelium

  23. GERM TUBES

  24. GEOGRAPHIC OCCURENCE WORLDWIDE

  25. Therapy • Amphotericin B • Nystatin • Ketoconazole • Fluconazole • Itraconazole

  26. Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus neoformans

  27. Cryptococcosis A sub-acute or chronic infection which may affect the lungs or skin but most commonly manifests as a meningitis

  28. Ecological Niche Cryptococcus neoformans • pigeon droppings • Chicken droppings

  29. Specimen of choice Cerebrospinal fluid

  30. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION WORLDWIDE

  31. Clinical Specimens Cryptococcosis • CSF • Sputum • Pus • Biopsy material • urine

  32. Serological Tests Cryptococcosis • Indirect fluorescent antibody • Tube Agglutination • Latex Agglutination • (measures antigen)

  33. Drugs of Choice Cryptococcosis • 5-Fluorocytosine • Amphotericin B

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