Analysis of Fuel Injection in Diesel Engines

1. Analysis of Fuel Injection in Diesel Engines P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Special Behavioral Issues of Teen Combustion ….

2. Coal dust injection system of Rudolph Diesel. AIR INJ ECTION(After U.S. patent No. 54286 of 1895.) Hopper Injection valve Rotary valve Orifice Compressed air tank Combustion chamber Diesel developed an engine that was more than seven times more efficient than the (100 years evolved steam engine).

3. A Shift from Coal to An Waste Liquid • 1913 : Rudolf Diesel disappears in mysterious circumstances aboard a steam ship to London. • His body is later found in the North Sea • Some historians speculate that coal industry leaders murdered Diesel because his engine blueprint was reworked to use diesel fuel. • Diesel fuel has an interesting origin because it was ignored as garbage for decades. • Instead of seeing it as a valuable source of fuel, it was thrown away as an unusable byproduct of petroleum refining for more than 40 years. • Etymology resources cite the term diesel as first being used as an adjective in 1894. • The word diesel was borrowed from Rudolf Diesel’s last name because of a revolutionary engine that he designed.

4.  The first Diesel engine in a workshop  It took some time for car makers to begin making use of the diesel engine, mind you. Mercedes-Benz first used the fuel in 1936, and premiered its ground-breaking 260D at the Berlin Motor Show of that year. The diesel engine, as it came to be known, was also more efficient and reliable than the gasoline engine that had been invented 20 years earlier by Diesel’s countryman, Nikolaus Otto.

5. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/motoring/diesel-performance/11956048/diesel-fuel-history.htmlhttp://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/motoring/diesel-performance/11956048/diesel-fuel-history.html

6. The Complex Nature of Young Teen

7. Colour Coded Evolution of Diesel Spray

8. Onset of The Inevitable Danger

10. The Problem of High Pressure Diesel Injection

11. Development of Injection Pressure & Injection System in CI Engines

12. Types of CI Engine Injection Systems • Air assisted Fuel-Injection Systems. • Unit Injector System (UIS) – Single-Cylinder CI Engine. • Unit Pump System (UPS) – Multi-cylinder CI Engine. • Common Rail Injection System (CRS) – Multi-cylinder CI Engine. • The Unit Injector System (UIS) and the Unit Pump System (UPS) are among the most significant innovations in this field. • They inject precisely the right amount of fuel individually into each cylinder, at very high pressure, and at exactly the right moment in time. • This results in considerably more efficient combustion than is the case with conventional injection systems. • This, in turn, equates to higher output, less fuel consumption, and lower levels of noise and exhaust-gas emissions.

13. First Generation Common Rail Diesel Injection System The Common Rail Diesel Injection System delivers a more controlled quantity of atomised fuel, which leads to better fuel economy; a reduction in exhaust emissions; and a significant decrease in engine noise during operation.

14. History of CRDI • The common rail system prototype was developed in the 1960's by Robert Huber of Switzerland. • The technology was further  developed by Dr.Marco Ganser at the swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. • The first successful usage in production vehicle began in Japan in the mid-1990's by Dr.Shohei Itoh & Masahina Miyaki of the Denso Corporation.

15. Second Generation (Electronically Controlled) CRDI

16. Common rail diesel injection system • In the Common Rail system, an accumulator, or rail, is used to create a common reservoir of fuel under a consistent controlled pressure that is separate from the fuel injection points. • A high-pressure pump increases the fuel pressure in the accumulator up to 1,600 bar . • The pressure is set by the engine control unit and is independent of the engine speed and quantity of fuel being injected into any of the cylinders. • The fuel is then transferred through rigid pipes to the fuel injectors, which inject the correct amount of fuel into the combustion chambers.

17. Injectors for CRDI • The injectors used in Common Rail systems are triggered externally by an Electronic Diesel Control, (EDC) unit. • EDC controls all the engine injection parameters including the pressure in the fuel rail and the timing and duration of injection. • Some common rail injectors are controlled by a magnetic solenoid on the injector. • In some injectors, hydraulic force from the pressure in the system is used to open and close the injector, but the available pressure is controlled by the solenoid triggered by the Electronic Diesel Control unit.

18. Some injectors use Piezo crystal wafers to actuate the injectors. • These crystals expand rapidly when connected to an electric field. • In a Piezo inline injector, the actuator is built into the injector body very close to the jet needle and uses no mechanical parts to switch injector needles. • The electronic diesel control unit precisely meters the amount of fuel injected, and improves atomization of the fuel by controlling the injector pulsations. • This results in quieter, more fuel efficient engines; cleaner operation; and more power output.

19. Next Generation Diesel Injection Systems: The HEUI (Hydraulically Actuated Electronically Controlled Unit Injector) technology

20. Feel the In-Cylinder Processes Start of injection Start of combustion End of injection

21. Cut-off Ratio & Nozzle Capacity

22. Sizing of Nozzle Instantaneous Diesel Flow rate: Mass of Diesel per cycle: