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Generator and Transformer

Generator and Transformer. Moving Conductor. If a straight conductor is moved in a path perpendicular to a magnetic field, a current is induced in the conductor Induced emf  = B l v l – length of conductor v – velocity of conductor. Example.

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Generator and Transformer

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  1. Generator and Transformer

  2. Moving Conductor • If a straight conductor is moved in a path perpendicular to a magnetic field, a current is induced in the conductor • Induced emf  = B l v l – length of conductor v – velocity of conductor

  3. Example • An airplane travels at 1000 km/hr in region where the Earth’s magnetic field in 5.0 x 10-5 T. What is the emf induced between the wing tips that are 70m apart?

  4. Generators (Dynamo) • Transforms mechanical energy into electric energy • Coil of wire spins in the presence of a permanent magnetic field • Induces are current in the coil • Current produced actually fluctuates as the coils position in the field changes • Max current when perpendicular to B • Min current when coil parallel to B (no current)

  5. Moving Electricity • How does electric energy transmit over large distances? • How much power is wasted when 10000W of power is transmitted along a cable with a resistance of 1 at 200V? • What would be lost if transmitted at 2000V instead? • Much less lost when travels at a higher V and lower I

  6. Transformer • Device that changes voltages • Two coils around an iron core • Current supplied to the primary coil induces a current in the secondary coil • By varying the number of windings in the coils you can vary the potentials

  7. Types • Step-up – more windings on the secondary coil increases the voltage • Step-down – less windings on the secondary coil decreases the voltage • Transformers work only on AC current. Why?

  8. Transportation • Electric energy is stepped up for transmission and then stepped down for household use • Most transformers are close to ideal (100% efficient) - low resistance - very permeable rounded core

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