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Understanding the Periodic Table: Elements and Properties

Explore the Periodic Table, its organization, and the classification of elements. Learn about metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and their properties. Understand the periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties through groupings based on atomic number.

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Understanding the Periodic Table: Elements and Properties

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  1. DO NOW: REVIEW FROM YESTERDAY:You need your reference table…Name the element • Period 7, group 1 • Period 4, Halogen family • 2 energy shells, Alkaline Earth Metal • Noble gas, period 2 • 3 valance electrons, period 3 • 6 valance electrons, 3 energy shells • 1 energy shell, 2 valance electrons • Row 4, Carbon Family

  2. What is the periodic table? • compact way of organizing elements • contains a lot of information • allows us to make predictions about behaviour and properties of elements • Elements

  3. Periodic Law • There is a periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of elements when arranged by increasing atomic number

  4. Classifying the Elements • 75% of elements are metals • Remaining elements: non-metals & metalloids (semi-metals) • Staircase: • dividing line between metals & nonmetals • elements to left are metals • elements to right are non-metals

  5. Properties of Metals • Malleable – flattened into sheets • Ductile – drawn into wires & tubes • have Luster • Good Conductors of heat & electricity • Solid at room temperature (except Hg) • Metals lose electrons & form positive ions “Metals are losers”

  6. So…metals don’t want electrons, they want to get rid of them 2-8-1 2-8

  7. LIQUID SOLIDS METALS MOST REACTIVE METAL (MOST METALLIC) = BEST LOSER Hg

  8. Properties of Nonmetals • generally gases or solids (except Br2) • solids are Brittle • solids are Dull • poor conductors of heat & electricity • Nonmetals gain electrons & form negative ions “Nonmetals are winners”

  9. So…nonmetals love electrons, they want to take electrons 2-6 2-8

  10. LIQUID NONMETALS SOLIDS METALS MOST REACTIVE NONMETAL MOST REACTIVE METAL (MOST METALLIC) = BEST LOSER Br Hg Non-reactive – they have all 8 valance electrons

  11. Most elements are solid at room temperature • Liquids (only 2 at room temp.) • Br2 (non-metal) and Hg (metal) • GASES • Elements that are gases at STP are…Diatomics: They don’t like to be alone so they always pair up! • H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2 • Monatomics: noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

  12. LIQUID GASSES NONMETALS He H SOLIDS N O F Ne METALS Cl Ar MOST REACTIVE NONMETAL MOST REACTIVE METAL (MOST METALLIC) = BEST LOSER Br Kr Xe Hg Rn Non-reactive – they have all 8 valance electrons

  13. Properties of Metalloids Each metalloid has some metallic and some nonmetallic properties • Example:Si • shiny like metal but brittle like nonmetal

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