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Industrialization of Russia & Japan

The chapter delves into the industrialization journeys of 1800s Russia and Japan, highlighting reforms, societal changes, key events like the Russo-Japanese War, and the Meiji Restoration in Japan. The text explores the impacts of the Industrial Revolution, emergence of a middle class, imperial victories, and the contrast in industrial development timelines between Europe and Japan.

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Industrialization of Russia & Japan

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  1. Industrialization of Russia & Japan Chapter 27

  2. Russia • 1800s Russia consolidated power • w/absolute power in the Romanov’s hands • Most citizens were serfs with no rights • living slave-like existence • Used secret police to squash rebellions • Some (western-influenced) elites wanted reforms

  3. Russian Reforms • 1860s Alexander II started reforms inspired by the Enlightenment • Emancipation Edict—abolished serfdom, but didn’t help b/c serfs had small amounts of land and owed the government $$ so difficult to make improvements (doc) • Some went to the cities to work in the factories • Built the trans-Siberia RR & major steel industry

  4. Russia • Late 1800s small middle class grew • Arts flourished (mid-1800s-) • Anna Karenina, War & Peace • Swan Lake, Nutcracker • Alexander II assassinated by a political group called The People’s Will • One bomber struck bulletproof carriage, second bomber threw explosive under Alexander II (died later that day) 1881 • Lead to pogroms

  5. Russia • Nicholas II (1894-1917) • Russo-Japanese War (1904) • Russian Revolution (1905) • Moderates marched on the czar’s palace in protest in order to reform- “Bloody Sunday” • Troops fired on protestors • Resentment of the working class • Stolypin Reforms • Creation of the Duma (1906) • Hollow instrument because he couldn’t relinquish power • Continued police aggression • Japanese advancement- refocus on the Balkans…maintain diplomatic standing • WWI

  6. Japan • 1600-1700s successful at keeping Europe out • Highly ethnocentric and isolationist • Citizens were not allowed to travel abroad • 1800s Industrial Revolution • Europe & US more powerful and demanding access to markets

  7. Japan • 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry (US) arrived on a steamboat • Realized their isolation not to be able to compete economically and militarily • Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)—US favored • Caused the Nationalist to get mad • BUT organized (not like China) and the samurai revolted against the shogun and restored the Emperor Meiji

  8. Japan – Meiji Restoration • Shogun Out, Emperor In, Westerners Out • Japanese Westernization • Metric system, clocks, calendar, fashions NOT religion • Emerged as a world power • Building RRs and steamships • 1876 samurai class abolished and universal military service was established • 1890s able to reduce European & US influence

  9. Japan • Meiji Imperial Victories • 1895 defeat China for control of Korea and Taiwan • 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War • Removed Russia from Manchuria and established its own sphere of influence • Fought over rival imperial ambitions • Japan was victorious (more powerful navy) • Imperial power

  10. Compare & Contrast Industrial Revolution in Europe and Japan • Japan’s was faster (a few decades to Europe’s century) • Japan didn’t have to invent, but implement • Private corporations formed (i.e. Mitsubishi) • Built factories • Urbanized • Encouraged reforms

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