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BITUMEN STABILISED MATERIALS Recycling Technology Update

BITUMEN STABILISED MATERIALS Recycling Technology Update. Kim Jenkins AAPA Delegation from Australia University of Stellenbosch 5 th September 2011. tellenbosch. Outline. Developments of ISAP WG2 Cold Recycling Global perspective – CR research

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BITUMEN STABILISED MATERIALS Recycling Technology Update

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  1. BITUMEN STABILISED MATERIALSRecycling Technology Update Kim Jenkins AAPA Delegation from Australia University of Stellenbosch 5th September 2011 tellenbosch

  2. Outline • Developments of ISAP WG2 Cold Recycling • Global perspective – CR research • Application of research to improve technology • Manuals, specifications, guidelines • Overcoming barriers to recycling • Future needs for research

  3. Minutes from TRB 2010: ISAP TC Asphalt Pavement and Environment • WG1 on Recycling (Chantal de la Roche) WG1 WG2 Hot Recycling-RAP Cold Recycling-RAP (Peter Sebaaly) (Kim Jenkins)

  4. Purpose of ISAP WG2 • Global interface for needs analysis regarding cold recycling • Coordinate research by sharing findings and technological developments • Promote CR technology by: • Coordinate publications, guidelines, specifications • Create a database of research/ project data • Gather & share info on enviro & sustainability

  5. ISAP WG2 Members 14 3 2 3 1 9 TOTAL = 32

  6. Focus of WG2 discussions • Research focus areas (Global) • Laboratory • Field (APT and LTPP) • Key findings and developments • Mix design • Structural design • Specifications • Publications, documents and manuals

  7. Activities of WG2 in 2010Meet at Conferences • Meeting and workshop at EATA (European Asphalt Technology Association) Conference, Parma, Italy on 11th June 2010 • Regional Workshop at MRC (Malaysia Roads Conference) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 9th October 2010

  8. Programme: WG2 Regional EU Workshop in Parma • Workshop structure with 6 presenters • Global perspective on Cold Recycling • USA: UC Davis • Italy: Pisa & AnconnaUni - France: LCPC • Asia : Chang’anUnivSE Asia: Malaysia • Africa: Practitioner and Researcher • Global representation • Broad research perspective, projects

  9. Programme: WG2 Regional Asian Workshop in KL • Workshop structure with 4 presenters • Global perspective on Cold Recycling and feedback from Parma • China: RIOH (Research Inst) • Thailand: Road authority • Malaysia: Contractor HCM /R&D • Regional representation • More applications, less research

  10. Use of RAP Worldwide (2005) COUNTRY • South Africa • France • Australia • Netherlands • USA • Germany • Japan RAP in HMA • < 5% • 13% • 50% • 75% • 70% • 82% • 99% CAPSA 2007

  11. Re-use of asphalt in Europe (2009) (source: Molenaar)

  12. Changing Technologies helps Environment

  13. Emissions at the Chimney

  14. ENERGY 7000 6000 CONSUMPTION

  15. $ MJ $ $ MJ MJ $ MJ WHOLE OF LIFE ENERGY & COST US$ / m² MJ / m² OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3 OPTION 4 120 600 80 400 200 40

  16. Concrete and Masonry Recycling • Re-use and recycling of e.g. concrete and masonry rubble is at embarrassing low level • Some countries are really front runners; in the Netherlands 90% of the concrete/masonry rubble is recycled as base course for roads • Much can be gained

  17. Lots of talk but how much action?

  18. Way forward of WG2Synthesis of Global Research and Publications FOCUS AREA • Research • Mix Design • Structural design • Construction & QC RESPONSIBILITY • D Jones • K Jenkins • G Tebaldi & F Long • D Collings “State of the Art”??

  19. Is this going anywhere? - Where are the challenges in research? - How to manage these challenges?

  20. Commercialise Hitchhikers Rather stolen than poorly invented Pirates Passengers So where can new tech go wrong? …remember 3 P’s of Innovation InventorsArtists Passion Pioneers

  21. How to address the recycling needs (manage the process) • Awareness • Acquiring knowledge • Develop the tools • Implementation

  22. East Europe Russia 105 243 31 West Europe North America 104 15 189 51 13 Middle East Asia Latin America Africa Australia Cold Recycler and Soil Stabilizer WR 2500 / S / SK Worldwide distribution

  23. East Europe Russia 83 427 191 West Europe North America 163 15 59 187 321 Middle East Asia Africa Australia Latin America Cold Recycler and Soil Stabilizer WR 2000, WR 2400, WR 2500 / S / SK - Worldwide distribution

  24. 1. Awareness: Issues to address • Barriers to Cold Recycling of RA? • Distress mechanisms (rutting, fatigue, durability)? • Key areas for future research to address needs • High percentage RA • Appropriate tests • Lab versus field behaviour • Harmonisation of mix & structural design • Global research cooperation? Variability

  25. Findings-short term ageingPen vs. time for (80/100) foam Field relevance??

  26. BSM -emulsion versus -foam • Emulsion: Koch/Sem, Akzo Nobel, Colas, Mead Westvaco • Foam: Recycler suppliers (Wirtgen, Bomagetc)…who else? Who is the custodian of strategic research? ISAP WG2 Cold Recycling Awareness ☻☻☻☻☻

  27. 2. Acquiring knowledge • Universities and Research Institutes • Research initiatives • Laboratory research • Accelerated Pavement Testing • LPTT • International Cooperation? (WG2) • Database of research?

  28. CuringField moisture versus time APT LAB LTPP Moloto (BSM-emulsion)

  29. Mr (field) versus cure PSPA APT LAB LTPP

  30. If it were fatigue BSM Modulus (back analysis) Foamed mix – Greek Highway CURING!! Loizos et al Τομέας ΜΣΥ-ΕΜΠ Μάιος 2005

  31. Pavement Analysis: stresses/strains Critical parameters e Mr asp Asphalt s1 s3 Mr base BSM sv Mr s’base Cemented e ev Subgrade Mr s/g

  32. What are others’ analyses finding? Theyse

  33. New LTPP Sections • Very limited background info • Mix designs? • As built details? • BSM-emulsion all on CTSBs • BSM-foam all on granular • Some new LTPP sections planned • Same materials, subgrade, climate • Cement, emulsion, foam binders Acquire knowledge ☻☻☻☻☻

  34. ITSwet Min ITSdry ITSdry Min ITSwet Min BC 3. Develop the ToolsLevel 1 – Mix Design Tests100mm f ITS BSM2 BSM Binder Content

  35. Sleeve Zero Line Vibratory Hammer Side of Mould Steel Rod Base Plate Wooden base Vibratory Compaction Hammer To prepare specimens Vibrating Hammer Mould Rear View of Frame Kelfkens

  36. Compaction time (vibratory) Comp Time

  37. C1 to C4 eb Influence of Active Filler Strength and flexibility Cement < 1% CSIR

  38. Triaxial Testing

  39. Effect of using BSM t BSM Effect of Binder Shear stress Unbound f Friction angle Higher Cohesion C = Cohesion s Normal stress

  40. New “Simple triaxial”

  41. Research Triaxial Test RTT versus Simple Triaxial Test STT BSM Crushed Hornfels with 3.3% Emulsion s3 =50 kPa and 1% Cement s3 = 200 kPa and 0% Cem

  42. BSM Classification ito Shear Properties

  43. Fatigue?

  44. Fatigue: Crushed stone + 25% RAP HMA Base 2000MPa

  45. HVS Tests: CIPR with Foamed Bitumen in Cape Town PERMEABILITY Water induction into 2.3% foamed bitumen stabilised base

  46. Effective modulus Steady stiffness Constant stiffness No water ingress Water ingress Time, traffic From HVS Testing After 10 million 80kN axle load repetitions 18mm Novachip surfacing No cracking 6mm rutting 35mm HMA binder layer 250mm foamed bitumen stabilised base 150mm crushed stone subbase Sand subgrade

  47. Lab APT

  48. Durability: New, Improved Tests- Untreated Material Properties - Moisture sensitivity tests (Twagira) Moisture Induction Sensitivity Test MIST

  49. Effect of moisture t Shear stress f Friction angle Effect of Moisture C Cohesion Lower Cohesion s Normal stress

  50. BSM Classification ito Moisture Resistance Develop Tools ☻☻☻☻☻

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