Paper One – Part Two 70 mins The Big Picture

1. Paper One – Part Two 70 mins The Big Picture Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War 1890 -1918 • Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914? • Did the Alliance System make war more likely? • How far did colonial problems create tensions between the Great Powers? • Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult for the Great Powers to solve? • How important was the Kaiser in causing the worsening international situation? • Why did the arms race escalate, 1900–14? • Why did the First World War break out in 1914? • Why was Franz Ferdinand assassinated? • How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand lead to the outbreak of war? • How far were the actions of Austria-Hungary, Britain, Germany and Russia responsible for the outbreak of war? • How far did the Schlieffen Plan contribute to the outbreak of war? • What happened on the Western Front? • Why did the war get bogged down in the trenches? • What was living and fighting in the trenches like? • How far did General Haig mismanage the Battle of the Somme? • How important were new developments such as tanks, machine guns, aircraft and gas? • What was the importance of America’s entry into the war? • Why did Germany agree to an armistice in 1918? • How important were the other fronts? • Who won the war at sea? • What happened in the Gallipoli campaign of 1915? • Why was Russia defeated in 1918? www.historytl.com

2. Long term causes of tension before the outbreak of World War One Increased rivalry over navies and Empires, Britain and Germany Increased tension over the Balkans between Austria and Russia as the power of Turkey declines Increased build up of arms from all powers resulting in an Arms race 1905/6The Morocco Crisis 1871 Germany takes the region of Alsace Lorraine from France 1907Triple Entente signed 1911The Agadir Crisis (Morocco) 1906 Britain builds the 1st Dreadnought 1913 2nd Balkan War 1882The Triple Alliance formed 1839 The Treaty of London, between Britain and Belgium 1912 1st Balkan War 1908 Germany builds a Dreadnought 1904 Entente Cordial signed between Britain and France Pre 19001900 1905 1910 1915 1908Austria annexed Bosnia to her Empire 1892 Franco-Russian Alliance formed WAR ! 1905 Germany writes Schlieffen Plan 1909 Russia begins to build up her army in case of war 28th June 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand France prepares Plan 17 to recapture Alsace Lorraine Britain creates BEF in case of European War www.historytl.com

3. Chain of events leading to War From Sarajevo (Bosnia) to Ypres (Belgium) 4th August Britain declares war on Germany 25th July Germany encouraged Austria to punish Serbia 28th June Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo 30th July Russia starts to mobilise their army, triggering the Schlieffen Plan 25th June 30th June 5th July 10th July 15th July 20th July 25th July 30th July 5th August 28th July Austria attacked Serbia 1st of August Germany declares war on Russia 6th July Germany encouraged Austria to punish Serbia 3rd of August Germany invades France through Belgium 23rd July Austria sent 10 demands to Serbia

4. Blockade 1917 – unrestricted Submarine warfare by Germany begins November 1914 stalemate 8th Sept – both sides dig in to trenches February 1916 Battle of Verdun late 1917 Russia pull out of the war April 1915 First poison gas attack by Germany 1915 – May sinking of the Lusitania 1st April USA declare war on Germany May 1916 Battle of Jutland 11th November Armistice 1916 1915 1914 1917 1918 USA and Britain are building so many ships that U-Boats couldn’t possibly sink them all. 1918 – March Ludendorff Offensive launched, Aug – Germanys Black Day and retreat, March Russia sign peace treaty with Germany. Aug – Launch of Schlieffen plan – invasion of Belgium. 1916 – 1st July-Nov Battle of the Somme March 1915 Gallipoli Campaign Key Events of WW1