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Greek Cultural Achievements

Greek Cultural Achievements. Section 5.3. Philosophy. Love of Wisdom Suited to the Greek language Study of “the way a system operates” Nature of the Universe (Physics and Astronomy) Politics & Government Ethics Literary Theory. Pre-Socratic's. Atomists. Sophists. Early physicists

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Greek Cultural Achievements

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  1. Greek Cultural Achievements Section 5.3

  2. Philosophy • Love of Wisdom • Suited to the Greek language • Study of “the way a system operates” • Nature of the Universe (Physics and Astronomy) • Politics & Government • Ethics • Literary Theory

  3. Pre-Socratic's Atomists Sophists • Early physicists • Believed that the universe was composed from 1-4 elements • Studied the nature of the universe • Taught a method of argumentation • Accused of “making the weaker argument the stronger” • Considered disreputable by most Athenians

  4. Socrates • Fought for Athens in the Peloponnesian War • Implicated with Alcibiades for attempting to overthrow the government • Did not write anything down • Taught a method of argumentation that involved questions and answers • Condemned to death for impiety and corrupting the youth

  5. Plato • Student of Socrates • Founded the Academy • Wrote the Republic and the Laws • Believed in rule by philosopher kings • Developed the dialogue as a literary form

  6. Aristotle • Student of Plato • Tutor of Alexander the Great • Founded the Lyceum • Wrote the Nichomachean Ethics, Politics, Rhetoric and Poetics • Would have loved power-point

  7. Literature • History • Herodotus • Xenophon • Thucydides • Poetry • Epic • Lyric • Drama • Tragedy • Comedy

  8. Herodotus “I am bound to tell what I am told, but not in every case to believe it.” Born in Halicarnassus c. 484 BCE Wrote a history of the Greek World up through the Persian Wars Called the “Father of History” because he is the first writer of history Also called the “Father of Lies” because of his tendency to embellish and exaggerate his accounts Makes use of many local legends and myths in the Histories Considered it more important to tell a good story than to be accurate Died c. 425 BCE

  9. Xenophon430-354 BCE “There is small risk a general will be regarded with contempt by those he leads, if, whatever he may have to preach, he shows himself best able to perform.” Student of Socrates Participated in a Persian civil war circa 401 BCE. Was elected general of a force of 10,000 Greek mercenaries upon the defeat and death of their candidate Wrote the Anabasis an account of the Greek journey home from the Persian empire Was pro-Spartan and personal friend of the Spartan King, Aegisilaus - Exiled from Athens for Supporting the Spartans in 394 BCE

  10. Thucydides460-395 BCE “ The nation that makes a great distinction between its scholars and its warriors will have its thinking done by cowards and its fighting done by fools.” -Athenian who writes a History of the Peloponnesian War down to 411 BCE -Considered the first scientific historian because of his strict examination of evidence - Closely analyzes cause and effect of events -believes that Athens failed in the Peloponnesian war because of their arrogance and because of political corruption at home. - Exiled from Athens for his failure to relieve an Athenian force at Amphipolis in 422 BCE

  11. Poetry Epic Lyric • Long poems • Tell the stories of gods and heroes • Oral tradition • Homer & Hesiod • Short poems in many meters • Accompanied by music • Written, often as epitaphs or dedications • Pindar and many others

  12. Drama Tragedy Comedy • Festival of Dionysus • Teach moral values and provide Catharsis • Highborn characters who come to grief through hubris. • 1-3 Actors plus a chorus • Aeschylus, Sophocles & Euripides • Political Satire and protest • Characters included people alive in Athens, e.g. Socrates and Cleon • Happy ending but not necessarily funny • Aristophanes • Lysistrata most famous work

  13. Greek Sculpture

  14. Phidias 493-430 BCE Sculptor for Parthenon friezes - Personal friend of Pericles -Relief sculptures Trojan War -Centauromachy Amazonomachy Gigantomachy -Worked closely with Callicrates and Ictinus, the architects of the Parthenon

  15. MyronFloruit 480-440 BCE -Gives Life and Motion -Does not portray emotional states -Diskobolos

  16. Polycleitos5th Century BCE -Born in Argos -Theory of Proportions -Head should be one/seventh of the body -Contra postal stance -Doryphoros

  17. PraxitelesFloruit 400-330 BCE -Pouring Satyr Contra postal Stance Leaner/more slender -Intricately styled hair

  18. Lysippos4th Century BCE -Lengthens the legs - Reduces the size of the head Makes statue appear taller and more slender -Feminizes or softens features -Fully 3-D - Contra postal stance

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