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Renaissance Art and Architecture. Unit 4, Day 2. Leonardo DaVinci – “The Last Supper”. Leonardo DaVinci – “The Vitruvian Man”. Michelangelo – “David”. Michelangelo – “The Sistine Chapel”. Botticelli – “The Birth of Venus”. Titian – “Self Portrait”. Jan van Eyck – “Wedding”.
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Renaissance Art and Architecture Unit 4, Day 2
The Reformation Unit 4, Day 3
Leading Up to the Reformation • Humanism – • During the middle ages people were heaven focused. • Humanism wanted to learn more about life here on earth, not just in heaven. • The often made governments and the Catholic church angry. • Erasmus (a priest) made fun of the churches “folly.” • Thomas Moore criticized the king of England.
Leading Up to the Reformation • The Printing Press: for the first time, people have access to books. • Johann Gutenberg invented a movable type. • He made the bible accessible to all people. • He printed them in French, German, English, and Latin.
Martin Luther • Became a monk and never felt that he was good enough.
Martin Luther • He saw church practices that he felt were incompatible with the Bible: • Indulgences: priests would “sell” penances for the living and the dead so that they would not have to spend as much time in purgatory. • Luther felt that this was like buying and selling salvation.
Martin Luther • So…on October 31, 1517, Luther posted 95 Thesis on the Castle Church door in Wittenberg, Germany. • These stated the wrongs of the Catholic Church
Martin Luther • An official prosecution was held against Luther. • He barely escaped with is life and was excommunicated. • He never wanted to start his own denomination, let alone religious division – He wanted to reform the Catholic Church and remain part of it.
Peasants Revolt • Luther became a controversial person in Germany. • He wrote about a inner release from guilt – he was not a social revolutionary. • In 1524 and 1525, peasants revolted against their lords. • Luther condemned them and encouraged the German Princes to crush the revolt – 100,000 peasants died.
Zwingli • Also opposed the sale of indulgence and priests’ celibacy. • His reformation: whatever lacked literal support in Scripture was to be neither believed nor practiced. • At first on board with Luther, but after a debate, they went their opposite ways…and today we have different denominations.
Anabaptists • They believed that Luther and Zwingli were wrong about baptism. • If you came to “true faith” (not Catholic faith) you need to be baptized again. • Decedents are the Amish and Mennonites.
John Calvin • He lived in Switzerland. • He heard Luther’s criticism of the Catholic Church and agreed – however, he disagreed with some of Luther’s teachings. • Mainly he disagreed with Luther’s interpretation of communion and baptism.
John Calvin • Calvin tried to create a “heaven on earth” • So religious leaders began ruling towns in Switzerland. • They had religious laws with harsh punishments if you broke them. • Laws like no dancing and no pictures in church.
Henry VIII • Henry was a staunch Catholic • He even wrote a document refuting Luther’s teachings for the Catholic Church. • However he ran into trouble…get ready for a “Days of Our Lives” sequence…
Henry VIII • Henry’s brother died…his wife, Catherine was a match made for political reasons. • So Henry married her to keep political ties. • But…he was marrying his brothers wife, so he needed special permission from the pope.
Henry VIII • Catherine didn’t have any baby boys (Henry thought he needed a male ruler). • So he wanted to get an annulment (she was also 15 years older than him) • But to do that they would need the pope’s permission again.
Henry VIII • Now though, the Pope was controlled by the Holy Roman Emperor– Catherine’s nephew. • So Henry just starts his own church so that he is able to get a divorce. • Anglican and Episcopalian Churches • Married Ann Boleyn…in fact he married again many times over: • Divorced – Beheaded –Died – Divorced – Beheaded – Outlived.
Irony of it all… • In all those marriages, Henry never had a baby boy who lived. • However two of his daughters ruled England and were arguable the strongest leaders England has ever had: • Bloody Mary (Catherine’s daughter who killed all the Protestants) • Queen Elizabeth (Anne’s daughter, a Protestant)
Mrs. Chaddick’s favorite story… • Defenestration of Prague: • Defenestration: throwing people out of a window • Bunch of Protestants threw the Catholics out of a window. • Protestants were like – haha • Catholics landed in dung pile and so they thought God saved them.
