Pakistan and The World

2. Pakistan and The World JuwairiaAbrar

3. Relation of Pakistan and Afghanistan

4. OBSTACLES IN THE WAY OF GOOD RELATIONS • Afghanistan did not recognize Pakistan as an independent country.(1947) • A border dispute right from the start caused great difficulties. • Only one anti-Pakistan Vote polled by Afghanistan in UN. • It supported Pakhtunistan movement. • Supported to the separatist Movement in KPK.

5. OBSTACLES IN THE WAY OF GOOD RELATIONS • Afghan cooperation with Russia for use of land route instead of Pakistan. • Attacked on Pakistan Embassy in Kabul( in March 1955) • Broke off Diplomatic relation( for five months in 1955,and 1961,). • Armed Afghans were driven out by Pakistani soldiers( in May 1961) • Neutral role during Pak-Indo Wars • Support to Mujahideens in Afghanistan by Pakistan(Pakistan came under attacks of USSR).

6. STEPS TAKEN BY BOTH SIDES TO IMPROVE THE RELATIONS • Visit of Iskander Mirza to Afghanistan( in 1956). • Visit to Zulfikar Ali Bhotto to Afghanistan( 1973) • Pakistan permitted aircrafts to fly over Pakistan and Afghan Trucks to pass through the country on the way to India. • Pakistan supported and accommodated a flood of Aghani Refugees.

7. Pakistan-KSA

8. History • Middle Ages; when Arab traders were the main supply chain of silk, saffron, spices, cotton and other goods between Pakistan and Europe through the silk route, over centuries of history exist in relations between the two lands

9. Two Holy Cities • Makkah • Madina

10. 1965 & 1971 Wars • Domestic and Financial help

11. Golden Era of Shah Faisal

12. Pakistani role in development of Saudi • Pakistan has provided assistance in the field of Science & Technology , infrastructure development and many more fields • Pakistan is providing training facilities to Saudi Armed forces

13. Gulf War • Some 5,000 Pakistani troops were stationed in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates as part of the U.S.-led Persian Gulf War efforts in 1990

14. NUCLEAR DEAL • One of the more significant cooperation has been the Pakistan – Saudi Arabia inter-linkages in respect of Saudi Arabia’s plans for nuclear weapons • Saudi Arabia has invested heavily in Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program • 1998-Pakistan responded to India nuclear test due to which western sanctions were imposed

15. Saudi Arabia supplied free to Pakistan 50,000 barrels of oil per day • contingency plans exist for Pakistan to provide nuclear weapons to Saudi Arabia at short notice. • 2003-Crown Prince Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz approved continuation of free crude oil • Saudi oil deliveries were part of strategic relationship in which Pakistan provided technical help and nuclear umbrella

16. 1990 ONWARDS • Longstanding and intimate relationship between both countries • Nuclear deterrence for Saudi against a third party • Faced common enemies in the past successfully-IRAN • Face a common enemy today in the face of al Qaeda • In turn, Pakistan has provided military aid and expertise to the kingdom for decades-close ties between militaries today • Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s largest arms importers and Pakistan is seeking to wean it off its traditional European and US suppliers • Both were supporting Taliban but in 2001 Saudia broke ties with Taliban

17. AID • More aid received compared to any other country in Arab world • 2001- 380 billion soft loan given to support budget of Pakistan (200 million-budget spending,100 million for fertilizers, 80 million for financing hydro power project) • 2003-deferred payments of $2 billion by Pakistan turned into grants • 2006-aid and free trade Pakistan is a GCC member

18. 2005 earthquake -Saudi Arabia topped the list of donor countries. • Official aid followed by large investments from Saudi princes and from religious institutions e.g. Pakistani madrassa educational system, for instance, is Saudi funded by private donors. 2005-2006 -272 million of Foreign direct Investment CHEQUE BOOK-DIPLOMACY

19. Pakistan UAE relations

20. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven states, termed emirates, which are Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah and Fujairah. • The United Arab Emirates has the world's seventh largest oil reserves and possesses one of the most developed economies in the Middle East.

21. UAE’s Foreign policy based on • Adoption of dialogue • Respect of international conventions • Commitment to the United Nations Charter • Non-interference of other country's internal affairs • The settlement of disputes by peaceful means.

22. Pakistan and the UAE enjoy extremely close relations, founded on deep-rooted cultural affinities, shared faith and traditions, as also geographic proximity and identity of interests. • UAE has been a major donor of economic assistance to Pakistan. Example Sheikh Zayed International Airport in Rahim Yar Khan. UAE has emerged as one of Pakistan's major economic and trading partners. • UAE and Pakistan share strategic partnership and diplomatic relations are based on mutual respect, cooperation, coordination and commitment.

23. UAE in Pakistan: United Arab Emirates is the largest single investor in Pakistan, which is reflective of the close relationship between the two countries. • Economic Partnership: UAE is the third largest trading partner of Pakistan. Win-win position for both the countries. • Largest privatization deal was finalized between Etisalat and PTCL. • Many other UAE based companies working in Pakistan including PARCO, Wateen, EMAAR etc. • A Second home: There are already around 700,000 Pakistani Expatriates living and working in the UAE

24. A friend in need: UAE launches its program for reconstruction of earthquake affected areas in Pakistan, October 2005. • The UAE government immediately pledge $ 100 million towards President’s Earthquake Relief Fund. • UAE is a founding member of Friends of Democratic Pakistan which seeks to help Pakistan address its security, development, energy and institution building challenges.

25. PAKISTAN AND TURKEY

26. Turkey - Introduction • Turkey is a country with 99% Muslim population • Turkish is mainly spoken and Kurdish in the south-east. • Population : 73,914,260

27. Historical Perspective • Since, Pakistan and Turkey both are Muslim states, the relations have been friendly so far • Even before the birth of Pakistan, during WOI 1857, Muslim soldiers of the sub-continent refused to fight Turkish Muslims. • There were a number of protests launched in India against the fall of Caliphate in Turkey

28. Historical Perspective • Pakistan was formed on pure ideological reasons whereas Turkey is a state which follows secularism • To allow socio-economic development, Pakistan, Turkey and Iran established the RCD in 1964 • Turkey supports Pakistan on the Kashmir dispute and Pakistan supports them on the Cyprus conflict

29. The 80’s • The RCD was replaced by ECO (economic cooperation organization) In 1985 • It was initiated by Pakistan, Iran and Turkey but now it has 10 members which includes 7 Asian and 3 Eurasian nations • It is an ad-hoc organization to UN

30. The 90’s and the present • ECO cultural institute was signed at Islamabad in 1995 to foster rich culture heritage of Turkey, Iran and 10 other Asian states • mid 1990’s, The hero of the nation, Dr. A Q Khan visited turkey for technological cooperation. • In 2004, President Gen Pervez Musharraf visited Turkey.

31. The 90’s and the present • President Zardari visited Turkey in 2008 to discuss whether General Musharraf should be exiled • In October 2009, Turkish PM, Mr.. Erdogan addressed a joint session of two houses of the parliament of Pakistan • Recently Turkish President Gul visited Pakistan and was awarded Honorary PhD degree

32. Areas of Convergence • Trade, business, investment, defense production, tourism, educational and cultural cooperation are all areas where the perceptions and interests of Turkey and Pakistan converge. • Efforts are constantly being made to tap the potential advantage which can be derived from the cooperation of both the states

33. Areas of Divergence • Afghanistan, Kashmir, Israel, nuclear proliferation and, most recently, democracy are five areas where the perceptions and interests of Turkey and Pakistan diverge • Turkey does not recognize Taliban regimein Afghanistan • (Turkmen-Pakistan gas pipeline project)

34. Areas of Divergence • Turkey supported the Lahore declaration that Kashmir Issue should be solved through bilateral talks. But after Kargil, the Lahore declaration was reversed • Turkey-Israel connection is another area where the two states diverge but Pakistan understands compulsions on turkey • Mr. Ecevit's Statement in New Delhi. (being against Islamism militants in Kashmir)

35. PAK-IRANRELATIONS

36. PAK-IRAN RELATIONS • Pakistan and Iran are close neighbours, sharing 909 km border in the western side. • They are bound together in culture, religion, ethnicity and traditions since times immemorial. • Iran was the first country to accord international recognition to Pakistan when it was established in 1947. • *Both of the countries have supported each other financially, economically, militarily and politically. *Iran Supported Pakistan in the two Indo-Pak wars (1965,1971) financially and militarily and in return Pakistan supported iran in iran-iraq war in 1980s, Since 2000, the relations between each state has been normalized and economical and military collaboration has strengthened the relations ever since.

37. COUNTRY COMPARISON IRAN PAKISTAN

38. Beginning of journey • PAK Iran relations started when the Prime minister of pakistan visited iran in 1949 and as a return shah of iran visited pakistan with some cabinet members. • In May 1950, a treaty of friendship was signed by the Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan and Shah of Iran and then a baghdad pact known as CENTO was signed between Turkey, pakistan, iran , iraq and United Kingdom for mutual co-operation and  protection, as well as non-intervention in each other's affairs

39. Support in war time • After the joining in *R.C.D(Regional Co-operation for development) in 1964, there was a period of wars for pakistan • In 1965, In INDO-PAK war, Iran played an important role in Indo-Pakistani war in 1965 and its qualified nurses, medical supplies, and a gift of 5,000 tons of petroleum for the duration of the fighting. Iran was also reported to have purchased 90 Sabre Jet Fighters from West Germany and to have sent them to Pakistan • During the 1971 war with India, Pakistan received full military and diplomatic support from Iran against India. *Which dissolved in 1979 and after that six more members Afghanistan,Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan were included and its neme changed int Economic Co-operation for Development(E.C.O).

40. ECONOMIC ties with IRAN Extension of Economic Co-operation for Development(E.C.O) in 1985 led to growth of Iran-Pakistan strategic partnership. Pakistan joint economic commision was establish in 1986. Khatami visited Islamabad in 2002 and signed several agreements including bilateral trade on co-operation in plant protection and Quarantine. Trade between Pakistan and Iran was marely $500 million but that was much better that time. Pakistan and Iran signed Prefrential Trade Agreement in 2004

41. ECONOMIC ties with IRAN • In 2008, Iran agreed to finance an energy project in Pakistan worth 60 million $ with 1000 MW Electricity. • International Fraight Rail line worth $20 billion from Islamabad to Istanbul via Tehran agreement signed in2009. • Iran-Pakistan-India Gas Pipeline-talks begins in 1994. • India has IPI deal but Iran and Pakistan signed their first gas pipeline deal in february 2010.

42. HISTORY GAS PIPELINE ISSUE In 1988, the gas reservoirs were discovered in Iran. In 1995, Pakistan and Iran signed a preliminary agreement for construction of a natural gas pipeline linking the Iranian South Pars natural gas field in the Persian Gulf with Karachi, In 2000, Indian, Iranian, and Pakistani government officials continue to negotiate the possible routes, modes of transport, and geopolitics of the Iran to India natural gas pipeline.

43. AMERICAN INFLUANCE • Americans are against the Iran's government. They never want Iran to be economically strong. • As America is involved on both sides of Iran, due to this pipeline Iran's economy will be strong and its nuclear program seem to be completed.

44. AMERICAN ROLE • During the recent general assembly session, a resolution that the Iranian nuclear issue be sent to security council presented by America. • India was asked to vote for the resolution on the cost of nuclear reactor offered by America. • India had no choice but to vote for the resolution. • This Indian action annoyed Iranians, and at the first instant they refused to construct the pipeline. • Pressure on the Iran's nuclear program is also due to this pipeline

45. Defence Cooperation • Defence Cooperation is one of the most important component in Iran-Pakistan relations. • Pakistan-Iran Defence Agreement was signed in july 1989. • Iran involved in joint production of Al-Khalid tanks. • There was also the the Baghdad pact known as CENTO signed between Pak-iran and others.

46. Pakistan-India Relations

47. HISTORICAL ENEMIES OF ENTIRE CONTINENT • 3 Major Wars Are Held between Both • 1964 ,1971, 1999 • Major Conflicts Are:Kashmir LOCWater Cross Border Terrorism • Misunderstandings And Emotions Put nations On War Situation At Any Time • Religious Differences Creates Problems • Trade Partners Also

48. MAJOR WARS 65,71,99 • First War Was In 1965 In Which India This War Was Started To Capture Jammu And Kashmir • India Attacked Border Areas Like Lahore ,Sialkot And Other Areas For Major Civilian Causality • Pakistan Army And Civilians Fight Bravely Against Them In Every War • 2nd War 1971 In Which Pakistan Put Weapons Down After A Huge War On Both East And West Borders Of Pakistan • 3rd War 1999 The KARGIL WAR To Get Control On Tiger Hill On Which The Control Of Whole KASHMIR Depends • Mini Wars! Firing And Gola Bari Is Routine On Borders

49. MAJOR CONFLICTS • KASHMIR: The Beautiful Heaven In The World Half Controlled By Pakistan And Remaining India • Majority In Kashmir Are Muslims And Against Endia, Mujahedeen's Are Sacrificing Their Lives And Politicians Are Wasting Time In UN And Other World Peace Organizations • The Most Old Conflict And Subject of War Between Two Countries • WATER: Indus Water ,Chenab, Sutlej All Waters Are Now In Control Of India With Which India Controls Yearly Floods Which Destroys Major Infrastructures • CROSS BORDER TERRORISM: India Is Involved In Terrorism In Pakistan Specially In Karachi And Baluchistan The Hubs Of Pakistani Economy And History • Funding's Are Specially Provided To GHADDARS (TRAITORS) OF NATION

50. RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES