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Simple Machines

Discover what simple machines are and how they make work easier by multiplying force and changing direction. Learn about levers, pulleys, wheel and axle, gears, screw, and wedge with clear examples.

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Simple Machines

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  1. Simple Machines

  2. Types of Simple Machines

  3. How do machines make work easier? Machines make work easier by: multiplying the size of the force you exert (such as in this pulley system).

  4. Machines also make work easier by: changing direction of the force. Example: A force on the rope downward, hoists the weight upward.

  5. What are simple machines? A Simple Machine is a device that does work with one movement.

  6. LEVERS • A leveris a “bar” that is free to pivot, or turn at one fixed point. The fixed point is called a fulcrum.

  7. The part of the lever on which the effort force is applied is called the effort arm. • The part of the lever that exerts the resistance force is called the resistancearm.

  8. First Class Lever Examples: pliers, scissors, prybar

  9. Second Class Lever Examples: wheel barrow, nut cracker,

  10. Third Class Lever

  11. PULLEYS: A pulley is a grooved wheel with a rope or chain that works something like a first class lever.

  12. Comparing pulleys to levers

  13. Pulleys can be FIXED or MOVABLE. The movable pulley hasa greater mechanical advantage and therefore multiples the effort force by a greater amount.

  14. ALSO: More pulleys --More rope--Less effort

  15. WHEEL AND AXLE • Simple machine consisting of two wheels of different sizes that rotate together. The smaller wheel is usually called the axle. (Effort force – usually applied to largerwheel.)

  16. Gears—modified wheel & axle The effort is applied to onegear. The gear ratiois found by dividingthe radius of the effort gear by theradius of the resistance gear. (This is the ideal mechanicaladvantage for the gears.)

  17. The SCREW • A screw is an inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post.

  18. The wedge A wedge is an inclined plane with one or two sloping sides. (knife and axe blades are wedges)

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