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Explore the rise and impact of the European colonial empires from Portugal's early beginnings to the vast territories controlled by Spain, England, and France. Learn about key explorers, conquests, and territories in this era of global expansion.
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Portugal • Portugal • Established the earliest modern European colonial empires • Prince Henry the Navigator • Started a school for navigation • Sent ships down the coast of Africa in search of a trade route to Asia • Portuguese explorers led the way in creating trade routes to Asia and setting up forts and trading posts • Brazil became Portugal’s most profitable colony (granted independence in 1822)
Spain • Christopher Columbus (1492) • Sailing west from Europe in search of a trade route to Asia he “found the New World” (landed in the Bahamas and called it the West Indies) • Became one of the largest empires by claiming land in North, Central and South America (conquered the Inca and Aztec Indians – giving them enormous wealth)
England • Great Britain – (England, Scotland, and Wales) • Largest empire in history • Controlled – Canada, Australia, India, much of eastern Africa, the American Colonies, and many islands across the world • By the 1920s, one-fourth of the world’s population was under British control
France • One of the world’s most dominant empires under the French ruler Napoleon Bonaparte • Controlled much of Europe – Germany, Italy, and Spain • Colonies throughout the world included islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans • Parts of Canada, South America, Asia, Northwest Africa were under French rule
