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Events Leading Up To The Civil War 1820 - 1860

Explore key events such as the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Fugitive Slave Law, and more shaping the path to the Civil War in the United States.

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Events Leading Up To The Civil War 1820 - 1860

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  1. Events Leading Up To The Civil War1820 - 1860

  2. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE(1820) • As more and more territories were acquired by the U.S, the issue over slavery became very contentious. A debate occurred and finally a compromise was reached. It stated: 1.) Missouri entered as a slave state 2.) Maine entered as a free state. 3.) The 36’ 30’’ line is drawn. This line was suppose to decide whether slavery would be allowed in certain territories or not. • This compromise was effective for a number of years – almost thirty! Then problems began to occur and the compromise was less and less effective. http://www.history.com/topics/missouri-compromise/videos

  3. COMPROMISE OF 1850 • COMPROMISE AGAIN! • This time it included 5 parts! • 1.) California entered as a FREE state. • 2.) Area from Mexican Cession divided into Utah and New Mexico. Slavery issue to be decided by POPULAR SOVEREIGNTRY. • 3.) ENDED slave trade in Washington D.C. • 4.) Made a STRICT Fugitive Slave Law • 5.) Settled border problems between New Mexico and Texas. • Again, problems would be better for only a short period of time. http://www.history.com/topics/compromise-of-1850/videos/sound-smart-compromise-of-1850

  4. FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW(1850) • This law was part of the compromise of 1850. • It was a law that REQUIRED citizens to catch runaway slaves. • If a person did not comply, they cold be fined up to $1000 or put in jail for SIX months. • Judges received $10 if they returned a slave and $5 if they freed them. • MANY blacks who were free were captured and sent back into slavery. • Northerners HATED this law because it forced them to become part of the system of slavery. http://www.pbs.org/video/american-experience-fugitive-slave-act/

  5. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN(1852) • This was a NOVEL written by Harriett Beecher Stowe. • It was written to show the EVILS of slavery by telling the story of an older slave who was whipped to death by his owner. • After reading it, MANY Northerners began to change their view of slavery. • Southerners said the book was full of LIES! http://www.pbs.org/video/american-experience-uncle-toms-cabin/

  6. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854) Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois sponsored this bill. • Divided lands into Kansas and Nebraska territories. • Decided that SLAVERY issue would be decided by POPULAR SOVREIGNTY (issues voted on by the people in the territory/state). • Led to violence in the Senate. Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner. • Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery settlers in ONE AREA and this led to conflict! • Northerners believe this REPEALED the Missouri Compromise. • Bleeding Kansas – Gov. John Geary sends out 1,300 federal troops to stop violence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-A0vPGo52w

  7. POTTAWATOMIE CREEK KILLINGS(1856) • Because of the violence going on in Kansas, John Brown and four of his sons, decided to take the law into their own hands. • They rode into a small town named Pottawatomie Creek and pulled five pro-slavery men out of their beds in the middle of the night. • The men are murdered. John Brown believed he was doing what “GOD has told him to do”. • Many Northerners, while they didn’t believe in slavery, were appalled at what he did.

  8. DRED SCOTT DECISION(1857) • Dred Scott was a slave. • He lived in a free territory with his owner. • His owner moved back into a slave state. • While there, the owner died. • Scott had ABOLITIONIST attorneys file a law suit for him. • It went to the Supreme Court but he LOST. • The Court ruled he was NOT a citizen but RATHER property and therefore he could not file a lawsuit. • Also, they ruled that Congress could NOT ban slavery in any of the territories. • This REPEALED the Missouri Compromise. • Southerners LOVED the ruling while Northerners HATED it. It meant slavery could spread into all the territories! http://www.pbs.org/video/american-experience-dred-scott-decision/

  9. LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATE(1858) • Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debated! • Douglass believed in deciding slavery by popular sovereignty. • Lincoln believed that slavery should NOT be allowed to spread into the territories. • Lincoln ALSO believed the nation could not survive if the fighting continued to rip the Union apart with the slavery issue. http://www.history.com/topics/lincoln-douglas-debates/videos/abraham-lincolns-house-divided-speech?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

  10. RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY(1859) • John Brown was at it again! • This time, he led five blacks and thirteen whites into Harper’s Ferry. • They planned to raid an arsenal and start a slave revolt. • Problem: No slaves “rose” to help. • A number of his men died and Brown was arrested by Robert E. Lee. • Brown was tried and found guilty of murder and treason. He was later hanged. • Some Northerners thought of him as a “Martyr” http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/brown/peopleevents/pande09.html http://www.history.com/topics/john-brown/videos/john-browns-raid

  11. ELECTION OF 1860 • Lincoln ran against Douglas in the Presidential Election of 1860. • The Southern states did not like Lincoln. They overwhelmingly supported Douglas yet Lincoln STILL got elected. • Southerners grew very angry. Said this showed it did not matter what their opinions were, the North had too much power! • Many Southerners talked of SECEDING from the Union.

  12. The South Secedes • December 20, 1860 - South Carolina voted to secede from the Union. • Senator John Crittenden(Kentucky) tried to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the West. (Fails) • February 1861 - Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia secede. • February 4th, 1861 – In Montgomery, Alabama the Confederate States of America is formed. • Jefferson Davis - Selected to a 6 year term as President of the Confederate States.

  13. Attack on Fort Sumter • The Confederate forces seized Federal Forts. • April 12, 1861 - The attack began in Charleston Harbor at 4:30 A.M. • P.G.T. Beauregard led the attack against Robert Anderson. • Anderson is forced to surrender the Fort. (Yankee Doodle) April 14th, 1861 • Daniel Hough - Is the first man to die in the Civil War. • Union Flag is re-raised on April 14, 1865.

  14. Lincoln Calls For Volunteers • After news of the attack and capture of Ft. Sumter Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers. • Many people North and South rushed out to volunteer for military service. • Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas voted to join the Confederacy. • The Civil War officially began.

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