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Biology 1

Biology 1. Worksheet I. Question #1. What does the first law of thermodynamics state? Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed No energy transformation is 100% efficient How is this law related to the efficiency of photosynthesis?

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Biology 1

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  1. Biology 1 Worksheet I

  2. Question #1 • What does the first law of thermodynamics state? • Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed • No energy transformation is 100% efficient • How is this law related to the efficiency of photosynthesis? • Photosynthesis is an energy transformation process that converts solar energy into chemical energy (food) • Photosynthesis is only 1- 2% efficient

  3. Question #2 • What does the second law of thermodynamics state? • Entropy increases • Give a biological example of this law in action. • An increase in entropy is an increase in randomness or disorder. Decomposition is an example of an increase in entropy.

  4. Question #3 • Describe the difference between potenial energy and kinetic energy • Potential energy is • Energy of ______________ • Energy that is stored in ___________ • Kinetic energy is • Energy of _________ • Energy that is released when ________________ position chemical bonds motion chemical bonds are broken

  5. Question #4 Pyramid of Biomass Trophic _________ Levels 100 Pounds Consumers The Sun __________ Heterotrophs 1000 Pounds 10,000 Pounds Producers __________ Autotrophs Photosynthesis (P/S)

  6. Question #5 Autotrophic organisms produce their own food using solar energy. They do not need to feed on other organisms Autotrophs - Producers Diatoms: Marine Phytoplankton Autotrophic organisms are photosynthetic

  7. Question #5 Heterotrophs feed on other organisms. They include both herbivores (primary consumers) and carnivores (secondary consumers) Primary Consumers - Heterotrophs

  8. Question #5 Secondary Consumers - Heterotrophs The mountain lion is a seconday consumer or carnivore. On a simple three trophic (feeding) level pyramid of biomass, the mountain lion is at the 3rd trophic level.

  9. Question #5 Omnivores are both primary and secondary consumers Omnivores eat both plants and meat Coyotes, bears, bears and raccoons are omnivores

  10. Question #6 • Based on the information in the pyramid of biomass, would you feed a starving country rice and beans or steak and lamb chops? Why • Rice and beans • You can feed 10X more people on a vegetarian diet (people feeding as herbivores) • 10,000 pounds of rice and beans can support 1,000 pounds of cows and sheep which can support 100 pounds of humans • 10,000 pounds of rice an beans can support 1,000 pounds of humans (10X more!)

  11. Questions # 20 and #21 Carbohydrates • Monosaccharides • Blood Sugar = ___________ • Fruit Sugar = ___________ • Milk Monosaccharide = __________ • Disaccharides • Sucrose = Glucose + __________ • Lactose = Glucose + __________ • Maltose = Glucose + __________ • Polysaccharides • Starch = Storage form of glucose in __________ • Glycogen = Storage form of glucose in ________ • Cellulose = Plant__________________ Glucose Fructose Galactose Fructose Galactose Glucose plants animals cell walls (the fiber in your diet)

  12. Questions #22 and #24 • Why is the shape of a protein important? • Protein shape determines _______________ • What does the term denaturization mean? • To denature a protein is to _______________ • Proteins can be denatured by altering the _________________________ • If an enzyme is denatured what would be the consequence? • The enzyme would not longer _______________ protein function alter its shape changing the pH or the temperature function

  13. Question #25 • Describe the relationship between enzymes, pH, and temperature. Use the terms protein, denature, shape, and function in your discussion. • Enzymes are specialized _________ • The shape of a protein determines its ______ • If you alter the pH or temperature of the enzyme you will ____________________ • If you denature the enzyme you will alter its _______ • This of you denature the enzyme it will not ________ proteins function denature it structure function

  14. Question #26 • If you were the head of the MSAC cross country team would you feed them a pasta dinner or prime rib the night before the race? • I would feed them a pasta dinner. Pasta is a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy in the diet. • Prime rib is protein (meat). The role of protein it the diet is growth maintenance and repair.

  15. Question #30 • Amino acids contain an element that is not found in carbohydrates and lipids. What element is this?______ • The bond that forms between two amino acids is called a _______ • A chain of amino acids is called _______ • The primary structure of a protein is its specific sequence of _______ nitrogen (N) peptide bond a protein or polypeptide amino acids

  16. 1 Common passageway for food and air Pharynx 2 Esophagus 3 Liver 6 4 Duodenum (First Section) Duodenum Small Intestine First Section Gall bladder Jejunum (Middle Section) Ileum (Last Section) Pancreas 7 Appendix 5

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