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Climate Change, Metropolitan Coastal Cities and Looming Law Order Problems. Prof. B.K.P. Sinha, IFS (Retd.) Advisor, Amity School of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development Email : balkrishanps@amity.edu. Contents. Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Metropolitan Cities
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Climate Change, Metropolitan Coastal Cities and Looming Law Order Problems Prof. B.K.P. Sinha, IFS (Retd.) Advisor, Amity School of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development Email: balkrishanps@amity.edu
Contents • Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Metropolitan Cities • Climate change impacts cascading down to law order problems like increased crimes and conflicts in coastal cities • Approach to regulation
Coastal Metropolitan Cities • Many of our largest and fastest-growing cities are located on the coast and therefore vulnerable to the impacts of changing climate. • Most of India’s 8,000-km-long coastal regions are low-lying and densely populated, • These cities form the engine of India’s economy, including Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Goa, Surat, and Thiruvananthapuram.
Climate Change Impacts for Coastal Metropolitan Cities • Sea level rise - greater erosion and flooding pressure. • Salt water intrusion to groundwater supplies, threatens the quality and quantity of freshwater • Frequent severe windstorms; • Intense, and sometimes lethal, flash floods.
Contd. • Disease outbreaks due to floods and temperature fluctuations • High humidity will lead to increased prevalence of vector-borne diseases • Loss of income due to a surge in diseases and related absenteeism • Migration will further create competition and conflicts for food, space, and employment opportunities
Impending Law and Order Problems • Changing climate will further increase migration rates. • Conflict arising from competition between different groups due to scarcity of resources like clean drinking water and food. • Conflicts related to cultural differences and ethnic causes • Statutory level to provide for basic facilities, • Tax payer who may resist or try to conceal the income. • Cultural, social and geographical group will lead to frequent clashes and increased crimes.
Contd. • Unemployment among migrant group may result into further increase in crime due to lower rates of engagements in the economy. • Basic goods and services shall increase their prices, leading to inflation. • Large scale shortages will lead to illegal markets for basic food stuffs. • These illegal markets will be run by those willing to use threats or actual violence.
Increased Migration: A Nightmare for Law Enforcing Machinery • Increased migration to big cities resulting into despair. • The process of losing a home and sense of place, being vulnerable and without shelter or focus while undertaking a journey to uncertainty will all add to desperate action.
Insurance Risks • Increase in the variability of weather systems might pose problem for insurance companies. • Insurer will need to pay more premium and situations of exploitations by insurance companies in order to increase profits might gain ground.
Protests and Movements • The future will also witness several types of social movements in favour or against the climate change. • There is strong probability that in future many of the environmental cases are increasingly framed using average of climate change. • Climate change may be taken in litigation proceedings or it might be employed to non court settings for example protest as a direct course of action.
Approach to Regulation • Climate change might affect our approach to regulation. • Will regulatory mechanism move away from command and control techniques towards more market oriented mechanism?