Semester 1, Day 3

1. Semester 1, Day 3 Cell Membrane, ER, and Golgi

2. Agenda • Turn in Chapter 7 Responses • Cells Quiz • Review Macromolecules Quiz • Plasma Membrane, ER, Golgi Lecture • 4 Min Break • Reading/Work Time

3. Homework • If you have not already shown me yesterday’s work, please turn in your responses to Chapter 7. • Please show me your book if you took one home yesterday

4. Cells Quiz • Word bank for all cells • Not all words will be used for each cell • Question #3. Add “peroxisome” to word bank • Silently complete quiz • Place facedown when finished • All will be collected when everyone is finished

5. Review Macromolecules Quiz

6. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane • All cells (pro & eu) have a plasma/cell membrane! • Recall: Found in Protons Electrons Neutrons Atoms Molecules Monomers Macromolecules/ Polymers Cells Organisms Chemistry Biology

7. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane Cell Zoom-In

8. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane Extracellular Fluid (Outside Cell) Lipid Carbohydrate Hydrophilic Phospholipid Bilayer Hydrophobic Cholesterol Protein Cytoplasm (Inside Cell)

9. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane • Fluid Mosaic Model • Phospholipids: Structure, liquid-y • Proteins: Transport across membrane • Carbohydrates: Signaling • Cholesterols: Stability “Moving” “Many parts” Macromolecules! (no nucleic acids)

10. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane • Semi-permeable membrane • Allows small molecules through,but not larger molecules • Plasma membrane is semi-permeable • Regulates what can/cannot enter/exit the cell. • Phospholipid Bilayer: main portion of membrane “Partially” “Passable” “Two” Hydrophobic ( water) Phospholipid 2 layers (“bi” layer) Hydrophilic ( water)

11. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane • Mini-Lesson: Concentration • Amount of solute in solvent • Example: 6 grams sugar in 2 liters water • Importance? Molecules want to move from high [ ] to low [ ] • Imagine: Solvent Solute 6 g sugar Concentration = Solute = 2 L water Solvent **Symbol for Concentration: [ ] [sugar] = 3 g/L                             

12. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane • Concentration & semi-permeability are important to the plasma membrane!! • Number One: Diffusion Small Molecule **If small molecule is water = OSMOSIS! Type of Diffusion Equal [ ] Diagram Source: http://arditobook.pbworks.com/w/page/11348839/Diffusion

13. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane • Concentration & semi-permeability are important to the plasma membrane!! (cont.) • Number Two: Facilitated Diffusion High [ ] LargerMolecules Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Low [ ] Channel Protein Carrier Protein Diagram Source: http://spmbiology403.blogspot.com/2008/08/passive-transport-facilitated-diffusion.html

14. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane • Diffusion vs. Facilitated Diffusion • Diffusion through phospholipid bilayer • Facilitated diffusion through protein (channel OR carrier) • Both go from HIGH [ ] to LOW [ ] • Concentration & semi-permeability are important to the plasma membrane!! (cont. x2) • Number Three: Cell Membrane Pump Low [K+] High[Na+] High [K+] Low [Na+] Diagram Source: http://cosbiology.pbworks.com/w/page/11556267/Lesson%207-02%20Nerve%20Impulse

15. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane • ATP: Energy! ATP Reaction ATP Structure (Phosphate) (Adenosine Triphosphate) (Adenosine Diphosphate) Image Source (ATP): http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectf03am/ATP02a.jpg Image Source (Reaction): http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/energy/metabo13.gif

16. Cell Part: Plasma/Cell Membrane • Gradient: High [ ] to Low [ ] • Passive Transport: Goes w/ gradient, requires NO energy • Active Transport: Goes against gradient, REQUIRES energy

17. Cell Part: Plasma/Cell Membrane • Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane [C6H12O6] lower “Hypotonic” [C6H12O6] higher “Hypertonic” [C6H12O6] equal “Isotonic” More water Less water Zoom In After Before Image Source: http://course1.winona.edu/sberg/ILLUST/fig8-10.GIF

18. Cell Parts: Plasma/Cell Membrane Cells in isotonic Solution Cells in hypertonic solution Cells in hypotonic solution Normal Shape Inflated Shape Shriveled Shape Image Source: http://mywellnesswarehouse.com/Images/Interior/Isotonic/HypertonicIsotonicHypto.gif

19. Cell Parts: Protein Synthesis • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): • “Master blueprint”, genetic code • Prokaryotic: DNA in nucleoid • Eukaryotic: DNA in nucleus

20. Cell Parts: Protein Synthesis Nuclear Pore Nucleus • Transcription & Translation: DNA instructs the synthesis of a protein. • Nucleolus synthesizes ribosome • Ribosome attaches to rough E.R. • RNA copies DNA (Transcription) • RNA travels through nuclear pore to ribosome • Ribosome decodes RNA into a protein (Translation) • Protein travels through rough E.R. to fold into a complex 3D shape • Protein travels to Golgi where it is packaged into a vesicle • Vesicle travels to plasma membrane & is secreted through exocytosis DNA Nucleolus RNA Rough E.R. Ribosome Golgi Body Plasma Membrane Image Source: http://partsofthecell.blogspot.com/2012/09/golgi-apparatus.html

21. Cell Parts: Protein Secretion • Vesicles containing proteins are not transported across the cell membrane by previously learned mechanisms.

22. Cell Parts: Protein Secretion Exocytosis “Outside” **Protein particles are secreted through EXOCYTOSIS. - Example: Hormones to communicate w/ body Endocytosis “Inside” Image Source: http://karimedalla.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/i60_0322.jpg

23. Reading/Work Time • Cornell Notes on Section 7.2, 7.3, and 8.1 • Answer questions at end of each section