1 / 11

Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes. 11.1 Organic Compounds. Organic Compounds. An organic compound is a compound made from carbon atoms has one or more C atoms has many H atoms may also contain O, S, N, P, and halogens. Properties of Organic Compounds.

huntt
Download Presentation

Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 11.1Organic Compounds

  2. Organic Compounds An organic compound • is a compound made from carbon atoms • has one or more C atoms • has many H atoms • may also contain O, S, N, P, and halogens

  3. Properties of Organic Compounds Typical organic compounds • contain carbon • have covalent bonds • have low melting points • have low boiling points • are flammable • are soluble in nonpolar solvents • are not soluble in water Oil (organic) and water (inorganic)

  4. Organic versus Inorganic Compounds • Propane, C3H8, is an organic compound used as a fuel. • NaCl, salt, is an inorganic compound composed of Na+ and Cl– ions. Question: Why is propane an organic compound, but NaCl is not?

  5. Comparing Properties of Organic and Inorganic Compounds

  6. Learning Check Identify each of the following characteristics as most typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O) organic. ___ 1. has a high melting point ___ 2. is not soluble in water ___ 3. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3 ___ 4. has a formula MgCl2 ___ 5. burns easily in air ___ 6. has covalent bonds

  7. Solution Identify each of the following characteristic as most typical of compounds that are I) inorganic or O) organic. I 1. has a high melting point O 2. is not soluble in water O 3. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3 I 4. has a formula MgCl2 O 5. burns easily in air O 6. has covalent bonds

  8. Writing Formulas for Carbon Compounds In carbon compounds, • carbon has 4 valence electrons, and hydrogen has 1 • to achieve an octet, C forms four bonds CH4 (methane)

  9. Tetrahedral Structure of Carbon VSEPR theory predicts that a carbon atom with four single, covalent bonds is tetrahedral as shown in a • (a) tetrahedron • (b) ball-and-stick model • (c) space-filling model • (d) expanded structural formula

  10. Organic Compounds with More Carbon Atoms In organic molecules with more carbon atoms, • valence electrons are shared • covalent bonds form between carbon and carbon atoms • covalent bonds form between carbon and hydrogen atoms CH3─CH3 (methane)

  11. Tetrahedral Structure of Ethane In VESPR, two carbon atoms in ethane each has a tetrahedral shape as shown in a • (a) tetrahedron • (b) ball-and-stick model • (c) space-filling model • (d) expanded structural formula

More Related