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Tree Thinking: Reading and Interpreting Phylogenies

Tree Thinking: Reading and Interpreting Phylogenies. Review: Constructing Phylogenetic Trees. You are now able to construct a phylogenetic tree using character data Trees are built with shared, derived characters that indicate relatedness Trees illustrate degrees of relatedness

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Tree Thinking: Reading and Interpreting Phylogenies

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  1. Tree Thinking:Reading and Interpreting Phylogenies

  2. Review:Constructing Phylogenetic Trees You are now able to construct a phylogenetic tree using character data • Trees are built with shared, derived characters that indicate relatedness • Trees illustrate degrees of relatedness • Nodes represent past divergent events

  3. Learning Objectives You should be able to: • Correctly interpret phylogenetic trees • Identify the most recent common ancestor of a given group • Draw trees that show equivalent genealogies

  4. Is the frog more closely related to the fish or the human? • Fish • Human • Equally related to both • There is not enough information to decide

  5. Is the frog more closely related to the fish or the human? • Fish • Human • Equally related to both • There is not enough information to decide

  6. Is the frog more closely related to the fish or the human? Time

  7. The frog is more closely related to the human than the fish Time These two trees show the same evolutionary history!

  8. Free Rotation at Nodes

  9. Remember Trees can be drawn in different ways = What really matters? More recent common ancestor

  10. Based on this tree, who is the horse’s closest relative? 4 3 2 • Lizard • Seal • Tie between the lion and cat • Tie between the seal, cat, and lion • Tie between the seal and the lizard 1

  11. Known relationships among the Hominoids (apes): • Humans and chimps are each other’s closest relatives • The closest relative of the gorilla is a tie between humans and chimps • The closest relative of the orang is a tie between humans chimps and gorillas In Groups: Draw as many trees as you can that all illustrate the SAME correct genealogical relationship

  12. Which tree is a different genealogy from the other three? A B C D

  13. Learning Objectives You should now be able to: • Correctly interpret phylogenetic trees • Identify the most recent common ancestor of a given group • Draw trees that show equivalent genealogies

  14. Questions? Kris Karstenkarsten@callutheran.edu CathKleierckleier@regis.edu Frank Messina frank.messina@usu.edu Theresa Rogers terogers@callutheran.edu Kristin Swihartswihart@colorado.edu Becky Williams toxwilliams@gmail.com Facilitated by: Stanley Lo stanley-lo@northwestern.edu

  15. Upcoming Topics • Accurately determine relative timing of the evolution of characters of interest by mapping traits onto a tree • Recognize that scientific names (taxonomy) do not always match up with evolutionary relationships (systematics) • Applications of phylogenetics

  16. Alignment

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