1 / 31

Accounting Systems and Internal Controls

Learn about basic accounting systems, internal control frameworks, controls over cash, bank accounts, petty cash, and financial analysis and interpretation.

hwakeland
Download Presentation

Accounting Systems and Internal Controls

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Power Notes ChapterF6 Accounting Systems, Internal Controls, and Cash 1. Basic Accounting Systems 2. Internal Control 3. Controls Over Cash 4. Internal Control of Cash Receipts 5. Internal Control of Cash Payments 6. Bank Accounts: A Cash Control 7. Bank Reconciliation 8. Petty Cash 9. Balance Sheet Cash Presentation 10. Financial Analysis and Interpretation Learning Objectives C6

  2. Power Notes ChapterF6 Accounting Systems, Internal Controls, and Cash Slide # Power Note Topics • 3 • 9 • 17 • 23 • 27 • 28 • Internal Control Framework • Cash Receipts and Controls • Cash Payments and Controls • Bank Reconciliation • Petty Cash Accounting • Ratio of Cash to Current Liabilities Note: To select a topic, type the slide # and press Enter.

  3. Internal Control Framework 1. Control Environment Control Environment

  4. Internal Control Framework 1. Control Environment 2. Risk Assessment Risk Assessment Control Environment

  5. Internal Control Framework 1. Control Environment 2. Risk Assessment 3. Control Procedures Control Procedures Risk Assessment Control Environment

  6. Internal Control Framework 1. Control Environment 2. Risk Assessment 3. Control Procedures 4. Monitoring Monitoring Control Procedures Risk Assessment Control Environment

  7. Internal Control Framework 1. Control Environment 2. Risk Assessment 3. Control Procedures 4. Monitoring 5. Information and Communication Communication Monitoring Control Procedures Risk Assessment Control Environment

  8. Internal Control Procedures • Competent Personnel • Rotating Duties • Mandatory Vacations • Separating Responsibilities for Related Operations • Separating Accounting and Asset Custody • Proofs and Security Measures

  9. Cash Accounts and Internal Controls • Many companies need several cash accounts to account for different cash categories and funds. • Most companies have multiple bank accounts. The title for each bank account should be: • Cash in Bank – (Name of Bank) • Preventive controlsprotect cash from theft and misuse. • Detective controlsare designed to detect theft or misuse of cash and are also preventive in nature.

  10. Internal Control of Cash Receipts Cash is normally received from two sources: 1. Over the counter from cash customers. Use of a cash register is an important control. 2. Received in the mail from credit customers. Cash is in the form of checks. All cash is sent to the Cashier’s Department. An employee prepares a bank deposit ticket and makes a bank deposit. The bank deposit record is sent to the AccountingDepartment where it is recorded.

  11. Cash Short and Over Date Description Debit Credit Cash 3,142.00 Cash Short and Over 8.00 Sales 3,150.00 May 08 To record day’s cash sales. Actual cash received is less than cash register receipts.

  12. Cash Short and Over Date Description Debit Credit Cash 3,142.00 Cash Short and Over 8.00 Sales 3,150.00 May 08 To record day’s cash sales. Actual cash received is less than cash register receipts. A debit in the Cash Short and Overaccount represents an expense.

  13. Cash Receipts From Credit Customers Sales Accts. Receivable Cash PURCHASE ORDER 1 SALES ORDER 1 A purchase order is received and a sales order is prepared.

  14. Cash Receipts From Credit Customers Sales Accts. Receivable Cash PURCHASE ORDER 1 SALES ORDER SHIPPING REPORT 2 1 A purchase order is received and a sales order is prepared. 2 Merchandise is shipped and a shipping report is prepared.

  15. Cash Receipts From Credit Customers Sales Accts. Receivable Cash Credit Debit SALES INVOICE PURCHASE ORDER 3 1 SALES ORDER SHIPPING REPORT 2 1 A purchase order is received and a sales order is prepared. 2 Merchandise is shipped and a shipping report is prepared. 3 A sales invoice is prepared and sent to customer.

  16. Cash Receipts From Credit Customers Sales Accts. Receivable Cash Credit Credit Debit Debit SALES INVOICE DEPOSIT RECORD PURCHASE ORDER 4 3 1 SALES ORDER SHIPPING REPORT 2 1 A purchase order is received and a sales order is prepared. 2 Merchandise is shipped and a shipping report is prepared. 3 A sales invoice is prepared and sent to customer. 4 Cash is received from customer, deposited, and recorded.

  17. Internal Control of Cash Payments 1. Cash controls must provide assurance that payments are made for only authorized transactions. 2. Cash controls should ensure that cash is used efficiently. 3. A voucher system provides assurance that what is being paid for was properly ordered, received, and billed by the supplier.

  18. Cash Payments to Suppliers Cash Accts. Payable Merchandise PURCHASE ORDER 1 1 A purchase order is sent to a supplier.

  19. Cash Payments to Suppliers Cash Accts. Payable Merchandise PURCHASE ORDER 1 RECEIVING REPORT 2 1 A purchase order is sent to a supplier. 2 Merchandise is received and a receiving report is prepared.

  20. Cash Payments to Suppliers Cash Accts. Payable Merchandise Credit Debit VOUCHER PURCHASE ORDER 3 1 PURCHASE INVOICE RECEIVING REPORT 2 1 A purchase order is sent to a supplier. 2 Merchandise is received and a receiving report is prepared. 3 A purchase invoice is received and a voucher is prepared.

  21. Cash Payments to Suppliers Cash Accts. Payable Merchandise Credit Credit Debit Debit CHECK VOUCHER PURCHASE ORDER 4 3 1 PURCHASE INVOICE RECEIVING REPORT 2 1 A purchase order is sent to a supplier. 2 Merchandise is received and a receiving report is prepared. 3 A purchase invoice is received and a voucher is prepared. 4 Cash is paid to the supplier and recorded.

  22. Cash Receipts and Payments Selling Side of Business Buying Side of Business Accts. Receivable Cash Accts. Payable Credit Credit Debit Debit DEPOSIT RECORD CHECK 1 2 1 Cash received on account from customers. 2 Cash paid on account to suppliers.

  23. Power NetworkingBank ReconciliationJuly 31, 2003 Balance per bank statement $3,359.78 Add deposit of July 31, not recorded by bank 816.20 $4,175.98 Deduct outstanding checks: No. 812 $1,061.00 No. 878 435.39 No. 883 48.60 1,544.99 Adjusted balance $2,630.99 Balance per depositor’s records $2,549.99 Add note and interest collected by bank 408.00 $2,957.99 Deduct: Customer NSF check $300.00 Bank service charges 18.00 Error in recording Check No. 879 9.00 327.00 Adjusted balance $2,630.99

  24. A B Power NetworkingBank ReconciliationJuly 31, 2003 Balance per bank statement $3,359.78 Add deposit in transit 816.20 $4,175.98 Deduct outstanding checks: No. 812 $1,061.00 No. 878 435.39 No. 883 48.60 1,544.99 Adjusted balance $2,630.99 Balance per depositor’s records $2,549.99 Add note and interest collected by bank 408.00 $2,957.99 Deduct: Customer NSF check $ 300.00 Bank service charges 18.00 Error in recording Ck. No. 879 9.00 327.00 Adjusted balance $2,630.99

  25. A B Bank Reconciliation Journal Entries Date Description Debit Credit Jul. 31 Cash 408 Notes Receivable 400 Interest Revenue 8 Accounts Receivable - T. Ivey 300 Miscellaneous Expense 18 Accounts Payable - Taylor Co. 9 Cash 327 To record note collected by bank. Jul. 31 To record customer’s NSF check, bank service charges, and error in recording Check No. 879.

  26. A B Bank Reconciliation - Journal and Ledger General Journal Page 1 Date Description P.R. Debit Credit 7/31 Cash 11 408.00 Notes Receivable 400.00 Interest Revenue 8.00 7/31 Accts. Receivable - T. Ivey 300.00 Miscellaneous Expense 18.00 Accts. Payable - Taylor Co. 9.00 Cash 11 327.00 GeneralLedger Account: Cash Account No. 11 Balance Date Item P.R. Debit Credit Debit Credit 7/31 Balance 2,549.99 7/31 Balance 2,549.99 7/31 J1 408.00 2,957.99 7/31 J1 327.00 2,630.99

  27. Petty Cash Accounting Date Description Debit Credit Aug. 1 Petty Cash 100.00 Cash 100.00 Office Supplies 50.00 Store Supplies 35.00 Misc. Admin. Expense 3.00 Cash 88.00 Note: No entry in Petty Cash account when the fund is replenished. To establish a petty cash fund. Aug. 31 To replenish the petty cash fund.

  28. Solvency Analysis Solvency is the ability of a business to meet its financial obligations (debts) as they are due. Solvency analysis focuses on the ability of a business to pay or otherwise satisfy its currentandnoncurrent liabilities. This ability is normally assessed by examining balance sheetrelationships.

  29. Solvency Measures — The Short-Term Creditor Doomsday Ratio Laettner Co. Oakley Co. A. Cash and equivalents $100,000 $ 120,000 B. Current liabilities 400,000 1,500,000 Doomsday ratio A / B 0.25 0.08 How are these ratios used?

  30. Solvency Measures — The Short-Term Creditor Doomsday Ratio Laettner Co. Oakley Co. A. Cash and equivalents $100,000 $ 120,000 B. Current liabilities 400,000 1,500,000 Doomsday ratio A / B 0.25 0.08 Use: To indicate the worst case assumption that should the business cease to exist, only the cash on hand is available to meet creditor obligations.

  31. Note: To see the topic slide, type 2 and press Enter. Power Notes ChapterF6 Accounting Systems, Internal Controls, and Cash This is the last slide in Chapter F6.

More Related