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Animal/Dairy Science 434

Animal/Dairy Science 434. Female comparative anatomy; History of Reproductive Physiology. Ovarian Differences. Mare. Cow. Sow. Mare. Mare. Cow. Sow. Cow, Sow, Ewe, Human. Cortex on outside Ovulation can occur on any point of the ovary. Preovulatory Tertiary Follicle.

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Animal/Dairy Science 434

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  1. Animal/Dairy Science 434 Female comparative anatomy; History of Reproductive Physiology

  2. Ovarian Differences Mare Cow Sow

  3. Mare Mare Cow Sow Cow, Sow, Ewe, Human • Cortex on outside • Ovulation can occur on any point of the ovary Preovulatory Tertiary Follicle Blood vessels and connective tissue in medulla • Inversion of the cortex and medulla. • Ovulation occurs at the Ovulation Fossa Internal CL

  4. Mare Cow

  5. Uterine and Cervical Differences Cow Mare Sow

  6. Duplex Rabbit, Mouse Oposum 2 Uterine Horns 2 Cervixes 2 Vaginas 1 Vagina

  7. Bicornuate Cow Sow Ewe Smaller uterine horns Large uterine horns 1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body2 Uterine Horns

  8. Bicornuate Mare 1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body 2 Uterine Horns Large uterine bodySmaller uterine horns

  9. Bicornuate Bitch (Canine) Queen (Feline) 1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body 2 Uterine Horns Small uterine bodyLong uterine horns

  10. Simplex Woman Large uterine bodyNo uterine horns 1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body

  11. Human Tract

  12. Human Tract

  13. A 47-year old woman underwent a hysterectomy for excessively heavy menses. She had previously had four normal deliveries. This structure was removed, what is wrong?

  14. Internal Cervical Os External Cervical Os COW Uterine Body • Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue • Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation. Cervix Cow has 4-5 annular rings Vagina

  15. Mare Sow Uterine Body Uterine Body Longitudinal Folds No obstacles Interdigitating pads No fornix vagina Fornix Vagina Vagina Vagina

  16. Cervix COW Internal Os Cervical Ring Cervical Ring Fornix Fornix External Os Fornix EWE Anterior Vagina Anterior Vagina

  17. Cervix Cervical Folds FV IP Mare Sow

  18. External Genitalia Sow Mare Cow Ewe

  19. What is this?

  20. Human Tract

  21. External Genitalia

  22. Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Fornix Mucosa Vagina Anterior Vagina Cervix Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter (Hymen) Stratified Squamous Epithelium Columnar Epithelium Urethra Submucosa Submucosa

  23. perivitelline membrane chalazae albumen Magnum shell membrane Isthmus Shell Gland cleaving blastodisc shell Infundibulum Avian Female Anatomy Ovary Oviduct Uterus Intestine 24 hrs50K cells vagina Right Oviduct cloaca Left side of Reproductive Tract Develops!!

  24. Chicken Tract Ovary Magnum Intestine Shell Gland

  25. Chicken Ovary Hierarchal Follicles

  26. Ovary with large follicles removed Ruptured follicle

  27. Chicken Reproductive Tract Isthmus Infundibulum Magnum Shell Gland Cloaca Follicles

  28. Infundibulum

  29. Cloaca Vagina Vaginal opening Intestine opening

  30. Cloaca of Chicken Intestine opening Vagina opening

  31. Generation of Animals Historical Development of Reproductive Physiology • Fetus arises from menstrual blood • Seminal plasma initiates the conversion of menstrual blood • Semen from all parts of body Aristotle 384-322 BC

  32. The Age of Gross Anatomy • Fallopius (1562) • Describes the oviduct • Coiter (1573) • Describes the corpus luteum • Regnier de Graff (1672) • Describes the antral follicle (Graafian Follicle)

  33. Development of the Microscope • van Leewenhoek (1677) • Describes spermatozoa in semen

  34. What is the role of spermatozoa? • Spallanzani (1780) • Sperm were the fertilizing agent in semen • Successful artificial insemination of a dog • Dumas (1825) • Proves sperm the fertilizing agent

  35. Modern Reprod. Physiology • Gonads produce steroid hormones • Regulation of estrous cycles in females • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) • Artificial Insemination • Cryopreservation • Prostaglandin used to control estrous cycles • Biotechnology

  36. Approach to Applications • Develop basic knowledge of how system works • Investigate methods that can perturb the system • Manipulate the system to improve reproduction • Estrus Synchronization

  37. Enhancing Reproduction • Small improvements have profound effects on production • 3% improvement in birth rate results in an additional: • 1 million beef calves/year • 3.2 million pigs/year • 3.7 million gallons of milk/year

  38. Current Trends • Continuing need to: • improve reproductive performance • understand how to apply new technology • Ovsynch • Clonning Metabolic and Physiologic Changes Production Reproduction

  39. Limiting Reproduction Pets Insects Humans Wildlife

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