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Genetics!

Genetics!. Key Learning: Genetics in Animal Science. Unit EQ: Why is an understanding of genetics important in the animal science industry?. Concept : History Lesson EQ: How did research and knowledge of genetics evolve? Vocab Punnett Square, Dominant, Recessive, Mendel.

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Genetics!

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  1. Genetics!

  2. Key Learning: Genetics in Animal Science Unit EQ: Why is an understanding of genetics important in the animal science industry? Concept : History Lesson EQ: How did research and knowledge of genetics evolve? Vocab Punnett Square, Dominant, Recessive, Mendel Concept : Genetic Behavior Lesson EQ: How do genetics manifest? Vocab Crossover, Sex Linked, Sex Limited Concept : Genetics in ANSC Industry Lesson EQ: How can genetics affect animals and their use? Vocab ACC, EPD, DTA, MBV

  3. Objectives • Analyze Meiosis and Mitosis • Discuss Gregor Mendel and his contributions to genetics

  4. Essential Question • How did research and knowledge of genetics evolve?

  5. Back in the Day • Gregor Mendel THE FATHER OF GENETICS • 1822-1884 • Priest • Study the inheritance traits in pea plants • Not recognized until the 20th century

  6. What did Mendel Study?

  7. What did this mean? • Selective Breeding • Crossbreeding • Heritability • What traits get passed on?

  8. What about today? • Crossbreeding breeds registered • Cross bred crops • Aprium , Pluot, Grapple • Cross Bred Animals • Black Baldie, Labordoodle • Biotechnology • Fish in Strawberries to prevent freezer burn • Sub- arctic fish genes pumped into strawberries

  9. Let’s Break it Down • Where is the information coming from? • Where is it stored? • What does it look like? • What information is carried?

  10. Where is the info coming from? • Parents

  11. Where is it stored? • Cells

  12. MitosisActivity:Please copy into your packet

  13. Meiosis: Activity:Please copy into your packet

  14. What does it look like? • Genotype • Phenotype

  15. What information is carried? • Chromosomes

  16. Why follow genetics? • Pedigree

  17. Activities • Video; Intro to Genetics United Streaming • Follow along in your packet

  18. Vocabulary: Please Define Cross Breeding Selective Breeding Mitosis Meiosis • Heritability • Gregor Mendel • Gene • Chromosome • Genotype • Phenotype • Pedigree • Gamete

  19. Genetics!The Punnett Square

  20. Objectives • Analyze heritable traits • Calculate heritability using Punnett Square Method

  21. Essential Question • What does the Punnett Square represent/ Calculate?

  22. It started with a Pea [plant]

  23. What is a Punnett Square? • an n × n square used in genetics to calculate the frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of a cross

  24. More than 1 trait

  25. Monohybrid vs. Dihybrid

  26. What does it mean? • We can follow traits

  27. How to Punnett Square [Dance]

  28. Reading the Results RATIOS 1:2:1 AA:Aa:aa PERCENTAGES

  29. Let’s Practice • Worksheet- Punnett Practice

  30. Vocabulary • Punnett Square • Heritability • Monohybrid • Dihybrid

  31. What do we look for? Genetics in Animals

  32. Objectives • Identify traits in animal breeding that are desirable based on breed and that are heritable

  33. Essential Question • Where do you find information on heritable breed traits?

  34. General Concepts • Certain traits are heritable • Hybrid vigor • Purebred

  35. Dogs • What kind of traits would you want in YOUR dog? If you had: • Children • Small apartment • Sheep herd • Loved running ?

  36. Dogs • Temperament can be bred for! • Especially aggression • Watch for heritable health risks • Eye Problems • Irish Setters and Progressive Retinal Atrophy • Collie Eye Anomaly • Cataracts • Entropion (eyelids turn in or out)

  37. Dogs- Heritable Health Contin • Hips and Joints • Hip dysplasia • Malformation/degeneration of the hip joint. • Retrievers, Cocker Spaniels, Shetland Sheepdog • Osteochondrosis Dessicans (OCD) • Bone spur or flake wears away at joint. • Present in dogs with OCD • Pateller Luxation • Elbow/kneecap slides out of place locking leg • Occurs more in smaller dogs

  38. Cats- Heritable Health • Polydactyly • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy • Heart muscle thickens • Main Coon Cats • Progressive Retinal Atrophy • Diabetes • Burmese • Feline Infectious Peritonitis • Some cats have a predisposition to the development of FIA

  39. Cattle – Dairy Cattle • Milk production • Milk Fat Content • Efficiency • Feed intake to Milk Output • Calving ability

  40. Sire Summary in Cow/Calf Op.s Table 1Example of sire summary data from the 1984 Angus sire summary University of Missouri: Extension

  41. EPD • EPD: Expected Progeny Difference: express the genetic transmitting ability of a sire. The EPD is reported as a plus or minus value in the unit in which the trait is measured. • EPDs are calculated from a sire's progeny data. All bulls listed in the sire summary can be directly compared using EPD values. EPDs are an estimate of how a bull's progeny would be expected to perform compared to any other bull listed in the same summary.

  42. ACC • ACC: Accuracy is a measure of how much the EPD value might change as additional progeny data become available. Sires with more calves in several different herds will have higher accuracy figures • Select bulls to use based upon their EPD values and use the accuracy figure to determine how much to use a bull.

  43. MBV • Maternal Breeding Value (MBV) describes how daughters of a bull are expected to produce compared to other cows in a herd. Once a bull's own daughters come into production, the MBV is calculated using the records of his own daughters in addition to those of his sire and paternal and maternal grandsires. • Estimates of MBVs come from pedigree analysis, not sire evaluation

  44. DTS • Number of Daughters. • Why would this information be needed or relevant?

  45. Why perform strict analysis? • Both commercial and seedstock producers should find sire summaries useful. A producer using AI can obtain semen from bulls that are superior in the traits of interest. • Summaries also can be used to identify herds that excel in genetic merit and vice versa. A breeder who has several superior bulls listed in the report is a more reliable source of bulls than either the breeder who has no bulls listed or the breeder who has poorer than average bulls listed in the summary.

  46. Evaluating EPD’s Exercise Worth 50 points • Using the booklet provided at your TABLE please: • 1. Read the Packet! • 2. Formulate a Vocabulary sheet for ALL vocab words defined (all the abbreviations) • 3. Answer the worksheet questions in groups. • 4. Write down any questions you have. • Due Friday!

  47. Once Finished EPD worksheet • Summary Paper • 1 paragraph double spaced • Define the purpose of a Sire Summary. Who benefits from the sire summaries? What do sire summaries mean for producers? What information is provided on a sire summary?

  48. Genetic Terms to know

  49. Objectives • Define terms normally used when explaining and discussing genetics

  50. Essential Question • Why is using appropriate terminology important in Veterinary Science?

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