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No flares but electricity

No flares but electricity. Jacob KLIMSTRA Wärtsilä Power Plants. 150 Gm 3 /year flared 6% of worldwide gas use 1.5% of Total Primary Energy Supply. A reciprocating engine + generator : the solution. Example: High fuel efficiency of a reciprocating engine. 90. 80. Combined efficiency.

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No flares but electricity

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  1. No flares but electricity Jacob KLIMSTRA Wärtsilä Power Plants 150 Gm3/year flared 6% of worldwide gas use 1.5% of Total Primary Energy Supply

  2. A reciprocating engine + generator : the solution

  3. Example: High fuel efficiency of a reciprocating engine 90 80 Combined efficiency 70 60 Heat fraction flat efficiency 50 Fraction of fuel input (%) 40 30 20 electrical efficiency 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Electric power (%)

  4. The common Otto-cycle gas engine: the challenge of gas quality • Knock resistance: methane number > 60 • Dry, sweet and free of condensates and particles Intake Exhaust But: we have the Gas-Diesel engine GD

  5. The gas – diesel (GD) working principle • Diesel fuel serves as the igniter • Gas is injected simultaneously with the diesel • Knocking can not occur Exh Air Exh Air Exh Air Injection of Gas and Pilot Fuel Ignition Air Intake Compression of Air

  6. GD Gas operation mode 100 90 Fuel Share % 80 70 60 Gas 50 Liquid 40 30 20 Constant fuel amount at 3 - 5 % of 100 % load 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Load %

  7. Fuel property Min./max. Limit Unit 3 2) Lower heat value min. 30 MJ/Nm Gas supply pressure to engine max. 350 ± 5 bar 1) Gas temperature before engine max. 50 °C Methane (CH ) min. 60 vol. - % 4 Carbon dioxide (CO ) max. 30 vol. - % 2 Chlorine's + fluorine's max. 50 vol. ppm Hydrogen sulphide (H S) max. 500 vol. ppm 2 Other sulphides or mercaptans max. 50 vol. ppm Water (H O) max. 100 vol. ppm 2 m Particles or solids size max. 10 m £ 1) 310 bar for engines with max output 85% D output 3 2) Nm defined at 0°C, 1.01 bar Fuel specs for the GD

  8. Dygoil, Equador 2 x Wärtsilä® 16V32GD 11MWe The power plant started up in March 2004, and it operates with oil field associated gas as the main fuel, and Crude oil as supplementary fuel The plant is designed to utilize the associated gas and to minimize the need for flaring, and unnecessary CO2 emissions are avoided Reference: Dygoil

  9. No power problem if the gas flow varies Gas Diesel share % share % 100 0 diesel pilot GD operation 10 90 20 80 30 70 40 60 gas and oil share adjustable 50 50 Fuel Sharing Fuel Sharing 60 40 70 30 80 20 Transfer window 90 10 Fuel oil operation 100 0 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Engine load%

  10. GD Engines power range Engine Type Wärtsilä 32GDWärtsilä 46GD Cylinder bore, mm 320 460 Speed, rpm 720 / 750 500 / 514 Heat Rate (ISO), kJ/kWhe 8,270 [43.5%] 8,050 [44.7%] Fuel oil qualities Diesel oil Diesel oil Heavy fuel oil Heavy fuel oil Crude oil Crude oil Gas qualities Natural gas Natural gas Associated gas Associated gas Cylinder configurations - V-form 12, 16, 18 12, 16, 18 Generator power, kWe 4,320 – 6,500 11,300 – 17,000

  11. Compression power 350 bar 43.5 * 0.954 = 41.5 % Gas LHV = 30 MJ/Nm3, dicharge pressure = 350 bar(a) kW 500 450 400 4.6% of power 350 18V32GD 16V32GD 300 12V32GD 250 200 150 100 50 0 bar 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

  12. Other possibilities at the horizon GASPAC® any gas methane inverse reformer

  13. For YOU to remember: • Flaring can be reduced and the gas can be used with high: • Fuel flexibility • Power flexibility • Fuel-to-power efficiency Wärtsilä can help you

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