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Green-Blue Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation

Green-Blue Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation. A Study on Hatirjheel Lake and surrounding area in Dhaka. By HM Nahyan. A part of the Master Thesis: Planning Green-Blue Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation- A Study Related to Urban Flooding Issues in Dhaka

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Green-Blue Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation

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  1. Green-Blue Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation A Study on Hatirjheel Lake and surrounding area in Dhaka By HM Nahyan A part of the Master Thesis: Planning Green-Blue Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation- A Study Related to Urban Flooding Issues in Dhaka Land Use Planning, LUP-80436 Wageningen University the Netherlands.

  2. CONTENTS • Introduction • Problem statement • Research objective • Results • Discussion & Conclusion

  3. STUDY AREA Dhaka The study area, (DMDP area /Greater Dhaka) Location of the Study area Source: www.google.com (June 14th, 2017)

  4. CASE STUDY Gulshan lake Banani lake Hatirjheel lake Case: Hatirjheel lake and surrounding area

  5. PROBLEM STATEMENT Water logging caused by rainfall. Source: www.cnn.com (April 4, 2012) Flooded area during Monsoon in 2007. Source: www.gettyimages.ca

  6. PROBLEM STATEMENT • CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS • Erratic rainfall pattern • Higher water level in monsoon • URBANIZATION RELATED ISSUES • Encroachment of green and waterbodies • Impervious surface • Insufficient drainage capacity • Pollution, waste dumping Chronological wetland loss of Dhaka. Source: Mahmud et al., 2011

  7. Encroachment of Hatirjheel lake area Source: SWO, 2004

  8. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES & QUESTIONS • MAIN OBJECTIVE • To investigate the existing green-blue infrastructures to assess its socio-political aspects in the built-ecology in respect to the urban flooding issues. • MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION • What are the socio-political aspects of the existing green-blue infrastructure related to adaptation to urban flooding issues in the urban areas of Dhaka?

  9. METHODOLOGY- DATA COLLECTION METHODS • DATA • Primary and • Secondary Data • DATA COLLECTION-triangulation method • Interview • Questionnaire survey • Document survey

  10. METHODOLOGY • INTERVIEW • 08 (eight) experts from • Urban planning • Urban Hydrology • Semi-structured • Regional & case-specific The snow-balling network of the sampling process of interviewees.

  11. RESULTS RESULTS- INTERVIEW: CASE STUDY • MULTIPLE PROPOSALS • RAJUK’s initial plan • Development oriented approach • Less water body area • Land development Hatirjheel project plan Source: RAJUK

  12. RESULTS RESULTS- INTERVIEW • MULTIPLE PROPOSALS • BUET’s east-west connection plan • Elevated roadway • Keeping existing water body • Surrounding service road to control encroachment Proposed elevated roadway in Hatirjheel area Source: BRTC, BUET

  13. RESULTS RESULTS- INTERVIEW • MULTIPLE PROPOSALS • Final master plan • Agreed by all parties • Keeping existing water body • Surrounding express road • Multiple connection bridges • Multifunctionality Final master plan for Hatirjheel area Source: VITI Ltd.

  14. RESULTS RESULTS- INTERVIEW Land acquisition of Hatirjheel area Source: SWO

  15. RESULTS RESULTS- INTERVIEW Development of Hatirjheel area Source: SWO

  16. RESULTS RESULTS- INTERVIEW Multiple functions in Hatirjheel project

  17. RESULTS RESULTS- INTERVIEW • Multifunctionality – important role in decision making • Multiple stakeholders engagement • Social issues- major implementation challenge • Enforcing environmental Acts • “There were many “dreams” around this project which cannot be realized in this context, we had to realize the integrality or multifunctionality of this project. Otherwise, with only environmental rationales it would never be realized”. • Urban planner UP-02

  18. RESULTS RESULTS- INTERVIEW • Multifunctionality – important role in decision making • Multiple stakeholders engagement • Social issues- major implementation challenge • Enforcing environmental Acts • “There were many “dreams” around this project which cannot be realized in this context, we had to realize the integrality or multifunctionality of this project. Otherwise, with only environmental rationales it would never be realized”. • Urban planner UP-02

  19. RESULTS- QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY Gulshan lake 3 4 Banani lake 2 1 Hatirjheel lake Location-3,4 Specific survey locations in Hatirjheel lake and surrounding area location-1,2

  20. RESULTS RESULTS- QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY • User’s experience on • flooding effects Maximum responses on multiple functionality from the surveyed areas location-1,2 (--) = strongly irrelevant, (-) =irrelevant, (-+) = relevant, (+) = necessary, (++) = immediate Location-3,4

  21. RESULTS RESULTS- QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY • User’s experience on • preferences on GBI functions & adaptation options Maximum responses on preferred types of adaptation measures location-1,2 (+) = Yes, (-) = No, ( ) = Neutral Location-3,4

  22. GENERAL DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION • Coordination challenges in deploying legal instruments • (cooperation between urban actors, mainstreaming CC in local level) • Complexity in realistic (robust) strategy formulation, stakeholder’s engagement • (Integration of urban planning and flood-risk management, multiple rationales) • Contextual vs technical approach • (Participation for self-regulation and sustainable use of environmental resources) • Displacement issue • (engaging effected communities, economic migration/rehabilitation)

  23. QUESTIONS ?

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