Science Inquiry Quiz 8/27/12

1. Science Inquiry Quiz 8/27/12 • Answer is!... • In your INB 1. Rewrite the steps of the scientific process in the order they should be arranged in: •  Collect Data • Pose a question/problem • Communicate/Publish • Draw Conclusion • Interpret Data • Design an Experiment • Form a Hypothesis 2. Are scientists the only people who can practice science? Explain. 1. Pose a question/problem • 2. Form a Hypothesis/Prediction • 3. Design an Experiment • 4. Collect Data 5. Interpret/Analyze Data 6. Draw Conclusion • 7. Communicate/Publish

2. “Science is a way of thinkingmuch more than it is a body of knowledge.” Carl Sagan

3. A Brief History of Science • Aristotle – a Greek natural philosopher but not a scientist. • Why? He thought about what was true about nature but did not test his ideas. He was so brilliant though that most people for thousands of years believed what he said. • Aristotle Plato

4. Modern Science Begins! • Testing ideas or hypotheses with controlled experiments! Early 1600’s Galileo Galilei Francesco Redi

5. WHAT IS MODERN SCIENCE? (or what does a scientist do?) • Observing anything the natural universe. • Asking a questionor proposing a problemto be solved. • Creatively proposing hypotheses and predictions. • Testing ideas through carefully performed experimentsor more observations. • Collecting and interpreting data through tables and graphs. • Making conclusionsthat either support their hypothesis (but never prove really) or demonstrate that it is incorrect. • Applying knowledge to solve problems and engineer new technology.

6. MythBusters • They are not scientists, but they are modern people who test ideas and myths with the scientific method! I reject your reality and substitute my own! Adam Savage

7. The Scientific Method • Ask a QUESTION or identify a PROBLEMto solve. • Make a HYPOTHESISorPREDICTION. • TEST the hypothesis with and EXPERIMENT or OBSERVATIONS. • COLLECT and ANALYZEDATA. • Draw a CONCLUSION and [perhaps] develop a theory. • COMMUNICATE or PUBLISHthe results.

8. Types of Scientific Studies • Descriptive science: explores phenomena by collecting data through observations (experience) without experimentation. • Experimental science: explores phenomena through controlled experimentation.

9. Observations “Observing the world around you is the foundation of scientific investigation.” • Qualitativeobservations DESCRIBE = descriptions such as color, odor, sound, and texture (using the senses). • Quantitativeobservations MEASURE = using an instrument of measurement to measure the amount or number.

10. Spontaneous Generation • Aristotle’s idea that organisms originate directly from nonliving matter. • "life from nonlife" • This idea was believed by most people for thousands of years up until 400 years ago. • Two scientists FrancesoRedi and Louis Pasteur did controlled experiments to reject this idea. • Frogs and Turtles come from mud and rotting wood. • Mice come from straw. • Flies come from rotting meat.

11. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Observed – Maggots appeared on meat a few days after flies were present! • Background Research-Aristotle explained by this by the idea of spontaneous generation.

12. Redi’s Experiment

13. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Question– Is spontaneous generation the cause of the maggots appearing on the meat?

14. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Hypothesis- Flies produced maggots and keeping flies away from meat would prevent the appearance of maggots.

15. Francesco Redi’s Experiment • Prediction – IFthe gauze covering keeps flies away from the meat, THEN no maggots will appear.

16. Francesco Redi’s Experiment Controlled Experiment: • A test that compares one factor at a time to determine if it is important or how it is important. • It tests the hypothesis/prediction. • When a scientist designs an experiment it is important to eliminate as many unknowns as possible. • They have to consider all the factors that may affect the results and only let onevary.

17. Redi’s Experimental Design • Factors • Flies Access to meat • Types of meat • Amount of meat • Freshness of meat • Wind • Moisture • Light intensity • Temperature • Time set out.

18. Redi’s Experimental Design • Independent (manipulated) variable - gauze covering jars that keeps flies away from meat versus no covering on jars.

19. Redi’s Experimental Design • Dependent (Responding) variable - whether maggots appear on the meat.

20. Redi’s Experimental Design • Controlled variables – • Types of meat • Amount of meat • Freshness of meat • Wind • Moisture • Light intensity • Temperature • Time set out.

21. Francesco Redi’s Experiment Four jars was left uncovered. The four other jars was covered with gauze.

22. Redi’s Results (Data) Maggots appeared on the meat in the openjar without gauze – but not on covered jars.

23. Redi’s Conclusion Redi concluded that meat did not produce maggots. They formed only when flies came into contact with the meat. So spontaneous generation was not the cause.

24. Communication • This helped to end the debate about spontaneous generation for large organisms. However, spontaneous generation was so seductive a concept that even Redi believed it was possible in other circumstances and for other organisms. • Others interested in this topic and butchers used this information for their own experiments. • One of the strong points of this experiment was its simplicity, which allowed others to easily try it out for themselves.