1 / 21

LEBANON

LEBANON. LEBANON. BY BERİVAN ESMER. BY BERİVAN ESMER. Lebanon is a country in Western Asia , on the eastern shore of the Mediterrannean Sea . It is bordered by Syria to the north and east , and Israel to the south . .

idana
Download Presentation

LEBANON

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. LEBANON LEBANON BY BERİVAN ESMER BY BERİVAN ESMER

  2. Lebanon is a countryin Western Asia, on theeasternshore of theMediterranneanSea.It is borderedbySyriatothenorthandeast, andIsraeltothesouth.

  3. Theearliestevidenceof civilization in Lebanondatesbackmorethan 7,000 years—predatingrecordedhistory.Lebanonwasthehome of thePhoenicians, a maritimeculturethatflourishedfornearly 2,500 years (3000–539 BC). Followingthecollapse of theOttomanEmpireafterWorldWar I, thefiveprovincesthatcomprise modern LebanonweremandatedtoFrance.TheFrenchexpandedthebordersof MountLebanon,whichwasmostlypopulatedbyMaroniteCatholicsandDruze, toincludemoreMuslims. Lebanongainedindependence in 1943, andestablished a uniquepoliticalsystem, known as confessionalism, a power-sharingmechanismbased on religiouscommunities. Frenchtroopswithdrew in 1946

  4. Capital:Beirut • Population:4.125.247 • Oficiallanguage:Arabic • Spokenlanguages:Arabic,French,English,Armenian • Ethnicgroups:% 95 Arabs, %4 Armenian, %1 others • Religious:% 59.7 Muslim, %39 Chiristian, %13 others • Government:parlimentaryrepublic, confessionalism • IndependencefromFrance • Declared: 26 November 1941 • Recognized:22 November 1943

  5. GovermentandPolitics • Lebanon is a parliamentarydemocracy,whichimplements a specialsystemknown as confessionalism.Thissystem is intendedtodetersectarianconflictandattemptstofairlyrepresentthedemographicdistribution of the 18 recognizedreligiousgroups in government. • Lebanon'snationallegislature is theunicameralParliamentof Lebanon. Its 128 seatsaredividedequallybetweenChristiansandMuslims.

  6. Theparliamentelectsthepresidentfor a non-renewablesix-yeartermby a two-thirdmajority. Thepresidentappointsthe Prime Minister,followingconsultationswiththeparliament. ThePresidentandthe Prime Minister form theCabinet

  7. GovernoratesandDistricts • Lebanon is dividedintosixgovernorateswhicharefurthersubdividedintotwenty-fivedistricts. • Beirut , Nabatieh, Beqaa, North, MountLebanon, South Governorates.

  8. ECONOMY • AlthoughLebanon is ideallysuitedforagriculturalactivities in terms of wateravailabilityandsoilfertilityshedoes not have a largeagricultualsector. • IndustryınLebanon is mainlylimitedtosmallbusinessthatreassembleandpackageimportedparts. • Tourismandbankingsectorthemostimportantpillar of theLebannesseeconomy.

  9. LEBANESE CİVİL WAR MAJOR MİLİTAS: 1-Chiristianmilitas 2-Shi’amilitas 3-Sunnimilitas 4-DruzeProgressiveSocialistParty 5-Non-religiousgroups 6-Palestians

  10. THE FİRST PHASE:1975-77 • Secreterianviolanceandcivilianmassacres • Karantina massacre • Damourmassacre • Tel al Zaatarmassacre • Syrianintervention

  11. THE SECOND PHASE:1977-82 • IsraelıntervenesınsouthLebanon,1978 • OperationLitani • Securityzone • ConflictsbetweenSyriaandPhalange • Israelibombing of Beirut • Israel-PLO securtysituation

  12. THİRD PHASE:1982-83 • Israeliinvasion of Lebanon • Siege of Beirut • Negotationsfor a cease fire • Internationalintervention • Sabra andShataliamassacre • 17 May Agreement

  13. FOURTH PHASE 1984-1990 • Worseningconflictandpoliticalcrisis • Aoungovernment • Aoun’swar of liberation • TaifAgreement • Infighting in East Beirut

  14. SOUTH LEBANON CONFLİCT (1982–2000) • TheSouth Lebanonconflictreferstonearly 20 years of warfarebetweentheIsraelDefenseForceanditsLebaneseproxymilitiaswithLebanesemuslimguerilla, ledbyIranian-backedHizbollahwithinwhatwasdefinedbyIsraelis as the "SecurityZone" in South Lebanon • South Lebanonconflict can be seen as a part of theLebaneseCivilWar. A keydifference is thatthewhiletheCivilWar set LebaneseagainstotherLebanese, themajority of fighting in South LebanonprimarilypittedLebaneseHizbollahfightingagainsttheIsraeliarmy

  15. -In 1982 Israeloccupied South Lebanon.Shefacedthere a strongresistance of Hizbollah ha supportfromSyriaand Iran.Bothpartiesusedmore modern weaponary.So,Israelwithdraw in 2000. -As a result of thewithdrawal, Hezbollah had militaryandcivilcontrol of thesouthernpart of Lebanon

  16. CEDAR REVOLUTİON • Itwas a chain of demonstrations in Lebanontriggeredbytheassosination of theformerLebannese Prime MinisterRafik Hariri on February 14,2005 • Theprimarygoals of theoriginalactivistswerethewithdrawal of SyriantroopsfromLebanonandthereplacement of a governmentheavilyinfluencedbySyrianinterestswithmoreindependentleadership

  17. Goals • Themaingoal of thecedarrevolutionwastheending of theSyrianmilitaryoccupation of Lebanonwhich had lastedabout 30 years (since 1976). Inaddition, manyLebanesecalledforthereturn of former Prime MinisterMichelAoun, in exile since 1991, andtherelease of theimprisonedLebaneseForcesleaderSamirGeageaas a goal of therevolution. • Somegoalswhoseaccomplishment is sometimescited in orderfortherevolutiontoendinclude: • UnitingallLebanese in theirfightforfreedomandindependence • OustingKarami'sPro-Syrianregime • FiringthesixLebanesecommanders of thenation'smainsecurityservicesalongwiththeStateProsecutor

  18. Executingthecompletewithdrawal of theSyriantroopsandtheirsecurityservicesfromLebanon • Unmaskingthekillers of former Prime MinisterRafik Hariri • Runningfreeanddemocraticparliamentelections in spring 2005 freefromSyrianinterference

  19. 2006LebanonWar • The2006 LebanonWar, alsocalledthe2006 Israel-HezbollahWarandknown in Lebanon as theJulyWarand in Israel as theSecondLebanonWarwasa 34-daymilitaryconflict in LebanonandnorthernIsrael. TheprincipalpartieswereHezbollahparamilitaryforcesandtheIsaelimilitary. Theconflictstarted on 12 July 2006, andcontinueduntil a United Nations-brokeredceasefirewentintoeffect in themorning on 14 August 2006, though it formallyended on 8 September 2006 whenIsraellifteditsnavalblockade of Lebanon

  20. 2010 Israel–LebanonBorderClash • The2010 Israel–Lebanonborderclashoccurred on August 3, 2010, whenLebaneseArmedForces (LAF) snipersopened fire on an IsraelDefenseForces (IDF) observation post when an IDF teamattemptedtocutdown a tree on theIsraeliside of theBlueLine

More Related