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The KASCADE-Grande experiment Data selection and systematics Y parameter Energy spectrum

Separation of the light and heavy mass groups of cosmic rays in KASCADE-Grande using the Y-ratio. J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez for the KASCADE-Grande Collaboration IFM, Universidad Michoacana Morelia, Michoacan , Mexico.

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The KASCADE-Grande experiment Data selection and systematics Y parameter Energy spectrum

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  1. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez forthe KASCADE-Grande Collaboration IFM, Universidad Michoacana Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 1 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  2. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio • The KASCADE-Grande experiment • Data selection and systematics • Y parameter • Energyspectrum • Conclusions JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 2 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  3. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio E = 1016 - 1018 eV JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 3 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  4. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio What is the origin of the knee? Acceleration/propagation? What is the source of the E = 1015 – 1018 eV cosmic rays? Composition? Second knee (~1017 eV )? Z or A dependence? Galactic-extragalactic transition? JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 4 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  5. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio Details: -Nμ -192 stations - 622 m2 total -Eμ 230 MeV  detector Grande Station Details: - Nch - e// - 37  10 m2 stations - E  3 MeV JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 5 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  6. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio CORSIKA/QGSJET II NPrecision: < 25% NchPrecision: < 15 % JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 6 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  7. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio CORSIKA/QGSJET II Aftercorrection: < 10% NchPrecision: < 15 % • correction function is used: • CF(N, ,, xcore, ycore) JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 7 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  8. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio PRL Y-ratio analysis (2011) PRL 107, 171194 (2011) This Y-ratio analysis A = 1.37  105 m2 A = 1.52 105 m2  = [0 , 30]  = [0 , 40] Teff =1434days Teff = 1173 days lg(E/GeV) > 7.4 Exp = 2  1013 m2 s sr Exp = 2.5 1013 m2 s sr • CORSIKA/QGSJET II simulations: • E = 1015 – 31018 eV. • H, He, C, Si, Fe. •  = -3. JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 8 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  9. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio Divide data into two mass groups according to: Heavy YCIC 0.84 Corrected for attenuation in the atmosphere (CIC method). By applying a cut: YCICCUT = 0.84 Light YCIC< 0.84 JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 9 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  10. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio The YCICCUT is independent of energy, core position and zenith angle JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 10 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  11. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio QGSJET II QGSJET II Calibration formula exploit correlation of Nch-Nμ with primary mass PRL 107, 171194 (2011) Astropart.Phys. 36, 183 (2012) JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 11 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  12. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio Energy spectra Not corrected for shower fluctuations CORSIKA/QGSJET II JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 12 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  13. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio CORSIKA/QGSJET II lg(Ek/GeV) = 7.94  0.08 1= -3.01  0.01 2= -3.15  0.03 = -0.14 Soft break in all-particleenergyspectrum JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 13 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  14. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio CORSIKA/QGSJET II lg(Ek/GeV) = 7.84  0.08 1= -2.72  0.01 2= -3.19  0.04 = -0.47 Break in energyspectrum of heavy component JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 14 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  15. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio CORSIKA/QGSJET II = -3.4  0.01 • Statistically (still) in agreement with a single power-law • Deviation at HE from a • power law? • More statistics needed to justify or exclude the spectral recurrence of light nuclei JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 1 5 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  16. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 1 6 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  17. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio Spectra obtained using different YCIC cuts Equivalent to different hadronic interaction models Light Heavy JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 1 7 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  18. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio Astropart. Phys. 24,(2005) KASCADE vs KASCADE-Grande JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 1 8 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  19. Conclusions • The all-particle energy spectrum of cosmic rays presents a soft break at E107.94 GeV (QGSJET II). • The spectrum of the heavy mass component of cosmic rays shows a knee at E107.84 eV (QGSJET II). • All spectra for the heavy component obtained using differentYCIC cuts show a knee feature. • Need more statistics to investigate light component at HE (underway, by increasing effective area and zenith angle interval). • In the framework of the QGSJET II model, the contribution of the misclassified Si/Fe events to the light component is small. JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 19 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  20. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio Thankyou JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 20 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  21. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 21 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  22. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio Backupslides JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 22 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  23. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 23 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  24. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio All particle JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 24 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

  25. Separation of the light and heavy massgroups of cosmicrays in KASCADE-Grande usingthe Y-ratio JC.Arteaga, IFM, Universidad Michoacana (arteaga@ifm.umich.mx) 25 ECRS, Moscow, July, 2012

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