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Benzodiazepine Abuse Among Heroin Addicts in Skopje

Explore the prevalence and reasons for benzodiazepine abuse among heroin users in Skopje. Study findings, toxicology role, national strategies, and clinical implications.

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Benzodiazepine Abuse Among Heroin Addicts in Skopje

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  1. ORAL PRESENTATION ABUSE OF BENZODIAZEPINES AMONG HEROIN ADDICTS IN SKOPJE B.PAVLOVSKI., T.PANOVSKA, A.CIBISEV, N.POPOVSKI, D.PETROVSKI, N.VELJANOVSKA, F.LICOSKA CLINIC OF TOXICOLOGY AND URGENT INTERNAL MEDICINE. CLINICAL CENTRE.SKOPJE.R.MACEDONIA

  2. Since the 1990s abuse of narcotics have spread greatly in region Skopje.Injecting heroin use is currently the most common route of hepatitis C virus transmission in this increasing subgroup.

  3. NARCOTICS ARE COMING IN ALL COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION MARIJUANA HEROIN COCAIN CRACK SINTETIC NARCOTICS- LSD, ECSTASY “Pod solncem demokratii rascveta¥t ne tolÝko gladiolusÝi no i marihuana.” Sergeí Dovlatov, Russian short-story writer and novelist.

  4. Therapeutic approaches: • HEROIN OVER DOSES • RESEDATION • MULTIPLE DEPENDENS • ABSTINENTIAL CRISIS • DETOXIFICATION • DISEASES AND COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DEPENDENCE

  5. THE ROLE OF THE TOXICOLOGISTS IN THE NATIONAL STRATEGY TREATMENT OPIATE DEPENDENT PATIENTS GROUP PREVENTIVE EDUCATION TREATMENT REHABILITATION RESOCIALISATION ALTERNATIVE MODEL National strategy treatment of heroin addicts

  6. ABUSE OF FLUNITRAZEPAM IN OPIOID ADDICTS Ann.Med.Interne(Paris)2000 Apr, INCREAS IN USE OF TEMAZEPAM BY HEROIN INJECTORS IN GLASGOW, USE OF FLUNITRAZEPAM BY MALAYSIAN ADDICTS.

  7. BACKGROUND: • IT WAS A GREAT SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGE TO INVESTIGATE • BENZODIAZEPINES CO-ABUSE- INCREASING • PROBLEM AMONG HEROIN USERS IN SKOPJE • CONSUMPTION OF BENZODIAZEPINES • A CLEAR TREND TO MULTIPLE DRUGS ABUSE

  8. THE GOALS AND PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY: • TO EXAMINE THE EXTENT OF BENZODIAZEPINES USE • WHICH OF THEM IS THE MOST OFTEN USED

  9. MATERIAL AND METHODS: • THE STUDY WAS CARRIED OUT ON 92 PATIENTS, CURRENT HEROIN USERS, AGED 21+- 4 YEARS, DURING THE PERIOD OF TWO YEARS. • MAINE CARACTERISTICS OF THIS GROUP WERE: • YOUNG PATIENTS, THE YOUNGEST WAS BORN-1985, • EARLY BECAME HEROIN INJECTING DEPENDENT P. • TIME OF H USING: FROM 3 MONTS TO 8 YEARS • H AND BZ WERE DETECTED USING FPIA TECHNIQUE • antiHCV seropositivity was detected using Cobas Core Anti-HCV EIA.

  10. RESULTS:65%(60) PATIENTS S AND U CONC. WERE RANKED OVER 300NG/ML. DIAZEPAM WAS RANKED FIRST BY 85%(51)PATIENTS FLUNITRAZEPAM 12%(7)PATIENTS, 3%(2)OTHER

  11. CO-ABUSE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES AT HEROIN ADDICTS

  12. CONCLUSION 1: • THE MOST COMMON REASON CITED FOR BZ USE WAS TO • ENHANCE THE FEELING OF “HIGH” FROM THE OPIATES • ECONOMIC FACTORS • ATTEMPTS TO AUTOTHERAPY • BZ USE FOR FUN AND PLEASURE

  13. CONCLUSION 2: DRUG ABUSE BEGAN AFTER A MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION IN 58% OF CASES. DIAZEPAM WAS TAKEN PER OS, BUT ALSO I.V. THE MEAN DAILY DOSE WAS 30MG/DAY, OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER DRUGS

  14. CONCLUSION 3: THE PREVALENCE OF DIAZEPAM USE AND ABUSE AMONG HEROIN USERS IS VERY HIGH. DIAZEPAM AND FLUNITRAZEPAM SHOULD BE PRESCRIBED TO HEROIN USERS WITH CAUTION. A LESS POPULAR AND RARELY USED BZ MAY BE A BETTER OPTION FOR THIS GROUP.

  15. “I WOULDN’T LIKE TWO DISEASES, ONE CAUSED BY THE DOCTORS AND THE OTHER CAUSED BY THE NATURE!” (Napoleon Bonaparte .) Clinical pharmacology. Desmond R. Laurence - Peter N. Bennett, 1998

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