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From the cinema of attractions to the cinema of narrative integration, part 2. Lecture 5. How and why did filmmaking practice shift from a cinema of attractions in the pre-1908 period to a cinema of storytelling in the post-1908 period?.
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From the cinema of attractions to the cinema of narrative integration,part 2 Lecture 5
How and why did filmmaking practice shift from a cinema of attractions in the pre-1908 period to a cinema of storytelling in the post-1908 period?
In order to answer that question we need to understand the following: • What constitutes, at the level of form, the cinema of attractions? • What constitutes, at the level of form, the cinema of narrative integration? • What historical and economic factors explain the shift ? • Why does the shift occur around 1908?
Formal innovation 5: Cross-cutting and storytelling • Temporality and simple succession editing (e.g. chase film) • How to indicate the idea of “meanwhile” in film? • Gaudreault argues there are four ways: • Simultaneous action occurring in the same field (requires a wide shot) • Simultaneous action existing in the same frame • Ex: opening shot “Life of an American Fireman” • Simultaneous actions presented in succession • Ex: “Life of an American Fireman” (repeated action edits, a.k.a. temporal overlap) • Ex: “Rescued by Rover” • Ex: “The Great Train Robbery”: cross-cutting or simultaneous action in succession? • Cross-cutting of simultaneous action
Cross-cutting or simultaneous action in succession?Ambiguity in The Great Train Robbery Shot 1 Shot 9 Shot 10
What is cross-cutting (a.k.a. parallel editing)?Gaudreault: “the sustained intercutting of two actions A and B, presented successively but alternately on the screen, as A-B-A-B-A-B etc” (136) The Lonely Villa, D.W. Griffith, 1909
The Lonely Villa, 19091st 4 minutes editing pattern: A-B-C-D-A-D-B-C-B-C-D-A-D-A-D-B-C-D-C-B-C-B Action-space A Action-space C Action-space B Action-space D