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The Origins of Cinema

The Origins of Cinema. Patricia L. Pecoy MLL 265. The France of the Belle Epoque. The Third Republic is established in 1871 Thus begins a period of peace and stability which will last until the beginning of World War I (1914) The end of this period (1870-1914) is called “la Belle Epoque”.

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The Origins of Cinema

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  1. The Origins of Cinema Patricia L. Pecoy MLL 265

  2. The France of the Belle Epoque • The Third Republic is established in 1871 • Thus begins a period of peace and stability which will last until the beginning of World War I (1914) • The end of this period (1870-1914) is called “la Belle Epoque”

  3. La Belle Epoque • There is a cultural explosion in all artistic domains • Painting – the Impressionists • Theater – Romantic theater • Music – Romanticism (Débussy) • Literature - Naturalism • Poetry – Symbolism (Mallarmé, Rimbaud, Verlaine) • Popular arts – vaudeville, music halls and … cinematography

  4. La Belle Epoque • The period is not without its problems • Poverty, financial crises • Economic scandals (Panama Canal) • Violence between workers and owners … strikes • Dreyfus Affair (which becomes the subject of several silent films)

  5. Period of Inventions:Photography– Josef Niepce The first photo 1820s Josef Niepce

  6. Inventions:The Daguerrotype

  7. Inventions:The zootrope

  8. Inventions:Edouard Muybridge: The Chronophotograph • Muybridge tried to analyze the movement of animals (esp. horses) • With a chronophotograph, he created a series of images projected rapidly in succession

  9. The chronophotograph

  10. Muybridge’s Images

  11. Result:Animated photographs

  12. Inventions:Edison and thekinetoscope • Edison came up with the idea of recording images onto 35 mm perforated film (Eastman Kodak) • This format allowed him to project his films in a wooden box he called his • The kinetoscope is the precursor of cinema

  13. Fred Ott’s Sneeze Thomas Edison’s first film in 1894

  14. Inventions:Edison’s Kinetoscope

  15. The Lumière Brothers • The problem was how to get the images out of the box • They were able to take pictures, create animated images, but they did not yet have the means to project these images to more than one person at a time

  16. The Lumière Brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière

  17. The Lumière Brothers and the Cinematographe • The Lumière brothers invented the cinematographe which allowed for both taking pictures and the projection of the images onto a large screen • The cinematographe was small in size and could hold only 20 meters or so of film

  18. The cinematograph

  19. The “vues” of the Lumière Brothers • The films by the Lumière brothers were called “vues” and lasted only about 50 seconds • The first program of “vues” was presented on Dec. 28, 1895 at the Salon Indien in Paris • By creating a social context (projection in a room of people, a public exhibition, and ticket price), the cinema was born

  20. The First Public Movie:Dec. 28, 1895

  21. The Sprinkler Sprinkled

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