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Friday 16th

Friday 16th. Turn in: Enzyme/Cell Respiration Lab Write-Up Due Socrative Warm-Up: What is mitochondrial disease? What are the symptoms? Mitochondria are much more than energy factories. What other importance do they serve? (www.umdf.org). Agenda: Draw CR from Memory

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Friday 16th

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  1. Friday 16th • Turn in: Enzyme/Cell Respiration Lab Write-Up Due • Socrative Warm-Up: What is mitochondrial disease? What are the symptoms? Mitochondria are much more than energy factories. What other importance do they serve? (www.umdf.org) Agenda: • Draw CR from Memory • Begin Photosynthesis Lecture • Plants Video

  2. Switch to NEARPOD

  3. Taking the information that you have learned about Mitochondrial Disease, explain the impacts of this disease on…1. Immediate Cellular Processes2. The Individual3. A population of people with the disease4. A Community

  4. Mitochondria 1. Immediate effects on cellular processes – No ATP production 2. Effect on the Individual – Weak, Stunted Growth – Problems with repair and reproduction 3. Effect on population – Decrease over time 4. Effect on community – Decrease genetic variability

  5. Chapter 10 Photosynthesis

  6. WarmUp: Define and diagram the following terms: • Chloroplast • Chlorophyll • Mesophyll • Stomata • Stroma • Thylakoids • Grana

  7. Photosynthesis in Nature Plants and other autotrophs are producers of biosphere • Autotrophs: use light E to make organic molecules (Photoautotrophs) • Heterotrophs: consume organic molecules from other organisms for E and carbon

  8. Photoautotrophs

  9. 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  10. Photosynthesis: Converts light energy to chemical energy of food • Chloroplasts: site of photosynthesis in plants Thylakoid space

  11. Leaf Parts • mesophyll: chloroplasts mainly found in these cells of leaf (30-40/cell) • stomata: pores in leaf (CO2 enter/O2 exits) • chlorophyll: green pigmentin thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

  12. Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Redox Reaction: Water is split  e- transferred with H+ to CO2  sugar Water is oxidized, carbon dioxide is reduced Remember: OILRIG Oxidation: lose e- Reduction: gain e-

  13. Activity • Label the two phases, main reactants and products of each.

  14. Photosynthesis = Light Reactions + Calvin Cycle “photo” “synthesis” LDR LIR “Dark Reactions”

  15. What Plants Talk About

  16. Homework • Bozeman Cellular Respiration / Photosynthesis Video • Photosynthesis Guided Notes – Day 1

  17. SO COLD… LET’S WARM UP • Go to www.socrative.com • Join my class and take the quiz • Code: VVS3HCDDQ

  18. MondayOctober 19, 2015 • WarmUp: Enzymes and Cellular Respiration on Socrative • Photosynthesis Lecture: Light Reactions (Review of Guided Notes Day 1) Nearpod • What Plants Talk About – Video HW: PreLab #5 Work Study Guide Due on 27th STEM MEETING AFTER SCHOOL RM 137 and AP BIOLOGY REVIEW AFTER SCHOOL

  19. Step 1: Light Reactions: Convert solar E to chemical E of ATP and NADPH Nature of sunlight • Light = Energy = Electromagnetic radiation • Shorter wavelength (λ): higher E • Visible light - detected by human eye • Light: reflected, transmitted or absorbed

  20. Electromagnetic Spectrum

  21. Interaction of light with chloroplasts Also called “photons”

  22. Pigments absorb different λ of light • Chlorophyll – absorb violet-blue/red light, reflect green • chlorophyll a (blue-green): light reaction, converts solar to chemical E • chlorophyll b (yellow-green): conveys E to chlorophyll a • carotenoids (yellow, orange): photoprotection, broaden color spectrum for photosynthesis

  23. Action Spectrum: effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving photosynthesis • (absorption of chlorophylls a, b, & carotenoids combined) • Engelmann: used bacteria to measure rate of photosynthesis in algae; established action spectrum • Which wavelengths of light are most effective in driving photosynthesis?

  24. H2O CO2 Light NADP  ADP + P LIGHT REACTIONS CALVIN CYCLE ATP NADPH Chloroplast [CH2O] (sugar) O2 An overview of photosynthesis • The light reactions (Thylakoid Membrane – In the Grana) • Split water, release oxygen, produce ATP, and form NADPH • The Calvin cycle (Stroma) • - Forms sugar from carbon dioxide, using ATP for energy and NADPH for reducing power

  25. Light makes ATP = Photophosphorylation Light Reactions

  26. Photons “excite” electrons in the chlorophyll molecules, received by antenna pigments

  27. P680 of Photosystem II: Can only absorb wavelengths up to 680 nm P700 of Photosystem I: Up to 700 nm Photosystem: A reaction center that absorbs different wavelengths of light

  28. Two routes for electron flow: A. Linear (Noncyclic) electron flow - Is the primary pathway of energy transformation in the light reactions B. Cyclic electron flow - Alternate pathway

  29. NonCyclic * Uses both photosystems I and II • Light -> Chlorophyll -> Excited • e- passed to reaction center P680 of Photosystem II (protein + chlorophyll a) • e- captured by primary electron acceptor • Redox reaction  e- transfer down long chain • Some energy is lost and will be used to pump H+ • H2O is splitto replace e-  O2 formed (called Photolysis)

  30. NonCyclic and Energy Coupling (Chemiosmosis) • e-passed to Photosystem I via ETC and get a 2nd boost • H+ have accumulated in the thylakoid creating a gradient • H+ pumped through ATP Synthase, ADP + P create ATP (photophosphorylation) • e- from PS I primary electron acceptor go through 2nd ETC • Final electron acceptor: NADP+ reduced to NADPH MAIN IDEA: Use solar E to generate ATP & NADPH to provide E for Calvin cycle

  31. Mechanical analogy for the light reactions

  32. Cyclic Electron Flow: uses PS I only; produces ATP for Calvin Cycle (no O2 or NADPH produced) Used when not enough NADP molecules available to accept electrons.

  33. Both respiration and photosynthesis use chemiosmosis to generate ATP but begin with diff. types of energy

  34. Proton motive force generated by: • H+ from water • H+ pumped across by cytochrome • Removal of H+ from stroma when NADP+ is reduced

  35. Did you get it? • What color of light is LEAST effective in driving photosynthesis? Explain. • In the light reactions, what is the electron donor? Where do the electrons end up?

  36. Tuesday – October 20th Agenda: • WarmUp: Photosynthesis Video Clip (Nearpod) • Pre-Lab #5 Quiz • Photosynthesis Lab, Begin Design for Tomorrow HW: Day 2 Prelab (Finish Design for Tomorrow) Study Guide Due on October 27th Enzyme and Cellular Respiration Quiz After School Today

  37. Wednesday 21st • Photosynthesis Lab Part 2 • Analyze Conclusion from Enzyme Lab • Write-Up Due on Friday Study Guide Due on 27th STRIVE FOR 5 AP QUESTIONS REVIEW AFTER SCHOOL – Ch 9 Kahoots

  38. Thursday - October 22nd WarmUp: Enzymes at Work Worksheet (Grab one) Agenda: • Photosynthesis Lecture: Calvin Cycle and Alternate Pathways (Guided Notes – Day 2 Completed Together in Class) • Concept Map on Photosynthesis HW: Start working on Learnerator, Lab Write-Up Due Tmrw **Pick up your journal by the end of 4th period!!!!** Study Guide Due on 27th

  39. Dark Reactions, Light-Independent Reactions Calvin Cycle

  40. Calvin Cycle: Uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar • Uses ATP, NADPH, CO2 (from LDR) • Produces 3-C sugar G3P(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) Three phases: • Carbon fixation • Reduction • Regeneration of RuBP (CO2 acceptor)

  41. Phase 1: 3 CO2 + RuBP (5-C sugar ribulosebisphosphate) • Catalyzed by enzyme rubisco (RuBPcarboxylase)

  42. Reduction Step First Stable Product Sugar Reduced Phase 2: Use 6 ATP and 6 NADPH to produce 1 net G3P Oxidized

  43. Two turns (2 G3Ps) to make one glucose. Phase 3: Use 3 ATP to regenerate RuBP

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