FROZEN FROGS!!

1. FROZEN FROGS!! http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/lsps07_vid_frozenfrogs/

2. THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA 3 4

3. ABIOTIC FACTORS: TEMPERATURE Temperature:

4. MACROCLIMATE Macroclimate:

5. MICROCLIMATE Fig. 5.3 in Molles 2008 Microclimate:

6. Taking Advantage of Microclimate Variation

7. Altitude and Temperature

8. Altitude and Temperature 1 2 Why?

9. Slope Aspect and Temperature Gomez Peak, Eighty Mountain

10. Slope Aspect and Temperature (Northern Hemisphere)

11. Ground Color and Temperature Albedo:

12. Burrows and Temperature

13. TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY: AIR VERSUS SOIL Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge Fig. 5.6 in Molle 2010

14. TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY: AIR vs. WATER

15. TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY: AIR vs. WATER Fig. 5.7 in Molles 2010

16. TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY: AIR vs. WATER Water Gas

17. THERMAL STABILITY OF WATER A) Specific Heat Specific Heat of Air: It takes .0003 cal of energy to heat 1 cm3 of air 1o C Specific Heat of Water: It takes 1 cal of energy to heat 1 cm3 of water 1o C

18. THERMAL STABILITY OF WATER B) Phase Changes: Latent Heat of Evaporization Evaporating Water Absorbs a Tremendous Amount of Heat Energy Quitobaquito, Organ Pipe National Monument, AZ (Cooling Effect on Surroundings)

19. THERMAL STABILITY OF WATER C) Phase Changes: Latent Heat of Fusion Freezing Water Releases a Tremendous Amount of Energy (Warming Effect on Surroundings)

20. COPING WITH EXTREME TEMPERATURE ADAPTATION: an anatomical, physiological or behavioral characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce under prevailing environmental conditions.

21. ADAPTATION: Result from Evolutionary Processes Reproductive Output Exceeds Capacity of Environment

22. ADAPTATION: Result from EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES Variation

23. ADAPTATION: Result from EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES Intraspecific Competition

24. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA

25. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA: Sulphur Oxidase Function PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA: Population Growth Rate Figs. 5.15, 5.14 in Molles 2010

26. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology Photosynthesis Boreal Moss Desert Shrub

27. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology (Photosynthesis) Fig. 5.12 in Molles 2010

28. ADAPTATIONS: Behavior/Physiology METABOLIZABLE ENERGY INTAKE (MEI) (Sceloporus undulatus) MEI = C – F - U

29. ADAPTATIONS: Behavior/Physiology Fig. 5.11 in Molles 2010

30. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology 20o C Oo – 4o C RAINBOW TROUT

31. ADAPTATIONS: Physiology ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (promotes breakdown of acetylcholine)

32. ADAPTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE

33. ACCLIMATION: Physiological adjustment to change in environmental factor within one organism during its lifetime [Note: The ABILITY to Acclimate is an adaptation]

34. Demonstrating Acclimation (Grow shrubs from Same Population in Different Conditions) Grown in Cold Environment Grown in Hot Environment

35. ACCLIMATION Fig. 5.13 in Molles 2010

36. Regulating Body Temperature Poikilotherm: Body temperature varies directly with environment (Organisms that don’t regulate their temperature)

37. Ectotherm Endotherm Relies on External Energy Sources Relies on Internal Energy Sources

38. Homeotherms Endotherms that rely on Metabolic Heat to Maintain Constant Temperature

39. HEAT EXCHANGE

40. HEAT EXCHANGE Fig. 5.16 in Molles 2010

41. Hs: Hcd: Hcv: He: Hm: Hr:

42. Temperature Regulation: Desert Plants Desert Marigold

43. Temperature Regulation: Desert Plants

44. Temperature Regulation: Arctic / Alpine Plants Alpine Chickweed

45. Temperature Regulation: Arctic / Alpine Plants

46. Temperature Regulation: Animals

47. Temperature Regulation: Animals ECTOTHERMS: Rely on external sources of energy to regulate temperature

48. Temperature Regulation: Animals Coping with Extreme Temperatures

49. Temperature Regulation: Animals Clear-Winged Grasshopper (and Grasshopper Fungus)

50. Temperature Regulation: Animals Fig. 5.19 in Molles 2010