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FROZEN FROGS!!. http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/lsps07_vid_frozenfrogs/. THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA. 3. 4. ABIOTIC FACTORS: TEMPERATURE. Temperature:. MACROCLIMATE. Macroclimate:. MICROCLIMATE. Fig. 5.3 in Molles 2008. Microclimate:. Taking Advantage of Microclimate Variation.
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FROZEN FROGS!! http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/lsps07_vid_frozenfrogs/
ABIOTIC FACTORS: TEMPERATURE Temperature:
MACROCLIMATE Macroclimate:
MICROCLIMATE Fig. 5.3 in Molles 2008 Microclimate:
Altitude and Temperature 1 2 Why?
Slope Aspect and Temperature Gomez Peak, Eighty Mountain
Slope Aspect and Temperature (Northern Hemisphere)
Ground Color and Temperature Albedo:
TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY: AIR VERSUS SOIL Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge Fig. 5.6 in Molle 2010
TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY: AIR vs. WATER
TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY: AIR vs. WATER Fig. 5.7 in Molles 2010
TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY: AIR vs. WATER Water Gas
THERMAL STABILITY OF WATER A) Specific Heat Specific Heat of Air: It takes .0003 cal of energy to heat 1 cm3 of air 1o C Specific Heat of Water: It takes 1 cal of energy to heat 1 cm3 of water 1o C
THERMAL STABILITY OF WATER B) Phase Changes: Latent Heat of Evaporization Evaporating Water Absorbs a Tremendous Amount of Heat Energy Quitobaquito, Organ Pipe National Monument, AZ (Cooling Effect on Surroundings)
THERMAL STABILITY OF WATER C) Phase Changes: Latent Heat of Fusion Freezing Water Releases a Tremendous Amount of Energy (Warming Effect on Surroundings)
COPING WITH EXTREME TEMPERATURE ADAPTATION: an anatomical, physiological or behavioral characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce under prevailing environmental conditions.
ADAPTATION: Result from Evolutionary Processes Reproductive Output Exceeds Capacity of Environment
ADAPTATION: Result from EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES Intraspecific Competition
ADAPTATIONS: Physiology PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA
ADAPTATIONS: Physiology THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA: Sulphur Oxidase Function PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA: Population Growth Rate Figs. 5.15, 5.14 in Molles 2010
ADAPTATIONS: Physiology Photosynthesis Boreal Moss Desert Shrub
ADAPTATIONS: Physiology (Photosynthesis) Fig. 5.12 in Molles 2010
ADAPTATIONS: Behavior/Physiology METABOLIZABLE ENERGY INTAKE (MEI) (Sceloporus undulatus) MEI = C – F - U
ADAPTATIONS: Behavior/Physiology Fig. 5.11 in Molles 2010
ADAPTATIONS: Physiology 20o C Oo – 4o C RAINBOW TROUT
ADAPTATIONS: Physiology ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (promotes breakdown of acetylcholine)
ACCLIMATION: Physiological adjustment to change in environmental factor within one organism during its lifetime [Note: The ABILITY to Acclimate is an adaptation]
Demonstrating Acclimation (Grow shrubs from Same Population in Different Conditions) Grown in Cold Environment Grown in Hot Environment
ACCLIMATION Fig. 5.13 in Molles 2010
Regulating Body Temperature Poikilotherm: Body temperature varies directly with environment (Organisms that don’t regulate their temperature)
Ectotherm Endotherm Relies on External Energy Sources Relies on Internal Energy Sources
Homeotherms Endotherms that rely on Metabolic Heat to Maintain Constant Temperature
HEAT EXCHANGE Fig. 5.16 in Molles 2010
Hs: Hcd: Hcv: He: Hm: Hr:
Temperature Regulation: Desert Plants Desert Marigold
Temperature Regulation: Arctic / Alpine Plants Alpine Chickweed
Temperature Regulation: Animals ECTOTHERMS: Rely on external sources of energy to regulate temperature
Temperature Regulation: Animals Coping with Extreme Temperatures
Temperature Regulation: Animals Clear-Winged Grasshopper (and Grasshopper Fungus)
Temperature Regulation: Animals Fig. 5.19 in Molles 2010