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General Characteristics of Baroque Music. Designed to be emotional More rigid formal design Modern tonality Organization and control replace experimentation Rhythm vitality Strong bass line. Monteverdi, Excerpts from L’Orfeo. Story Recitative and aria Natural speech rhythms
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General Characteristics of Baroque Music • Designed to be emotional • More rigid formal design • Modern tonality • Organization and control replace experimentation • Rhythm vitality • Strong bass line
Monteverdi, Excerpts from L’Orfeo • Story • Recitative and aria • Natural speech rhythms • Word painting • Structure
Purcell, Dido and Aeneas • English Opera • Story • Ground bass • Rhythmic shifts
Vivaldi, First Movement from The Four Seasons • Ritornello form • Program music • Echo effects • Structure • Violin imitates nature
Bach, J.S., excerpts form the St. Matthew Passion • Passion • Narrator • Jesus • Chorus • Text/Music relationships
Handel’s “Hallelujah Chorus” from The Messiah • Oratorio • Three weeks • Varied textures • Varied rhythms • Nine sections • Declamatory vs. Contrapuntal texts
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)Prelude and Fugue in E Minor • Subject • Counter-subject (answer) • Tonic vs. Dominant • Episode
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)First Movement from Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F Major • Set of six • Three movt’s (fast-slow-fast) • Solo vs. ripieno (full ensemble) • Mottos fragmented, re-organized
George Frederich Handel (1685-1759)Serse, Act I, Sc. 1 • Operas and oratorios • da capo aria • Improvisation on A’ • Recitative accompagnato • action vs. reflection
George Frederich Handel (1685-1759)Serse, Act I, Sc. 1 Frondi tenere e belle Del mio platano amato, Per voi risplenda il Fato. Tuoni, lampi e procelle Non v’oltraggino mai la cara pace Ne giunga a profanarvi austro rapace. Tender, beautiful leaves Of my beloved plane-tree, May Fate prove kind to you. May your cherished peace never be disturbed by thunder, lightning and storms, Nor rapacious south wind profane you.
George Frederich Handel (1685-1759)Serse, Act I, Sc. 1 Ombra mai fu Di vegetabile Cara ed amabile Soave più! Never was the shade Of vegetation More dear and friendly, More sweet!