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Unit 5

Unit 5. Different Urban Types and Traditional Chinese Villages. Types of Chinese City/Town. Authorized ( government concession ) Unauthorized. Administrative center at all levels Commercial center Garrison Town (Wei-Suo) Postal Station

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Unit 5

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  1. Unit 5 Different Urban Types and Traditional Chinese Villages

  2. Types of Chinese City/Town Authorized (government concession) Unauthorized Administrative center at all levels Commercial center Garrison Town (Wei-Suo) Postal Station Others (detached palaces; mausoleum) Smuggling harbors Oversea China Town

  3. Commercial City/Town in History • Windows for powerful (enclosed) empires International trade and the growth of big commercial cities; strict segregation of Chinese from foreign merchants: Yangzhou, Quanzhou and Guangzhou • Famous handicraft towns Advanced technology and productivity; the prosperity of exporting trade: Jingdezhen, Huzhou and Foshan • Coast smuggling harbors Government maritime restrictions and the rampaging smugglers: Zhoushan Islands and Zhangzhou harbor

  4. Commercial Cities of China Quanzhou Yangzhou Guangzhou

  5. Handicraft Towns and Smuggling Harbors Jingdezhen Huzhow Zhoushan Islands

  6. Construction of Postal Station • Postal system Early postal relay stations starting from the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD); Long distance trade integrated China and the world (Silk Road) • Great progress in Yuan Dynasty Genghis Khan installed an empire-wide messenger and postal station system named Örtöö within the Mongol empire. The postal stations were used not only for the transmission and delivery of official mail, but also available for traveling officials, military men, and foreign dignitaries. There were more than 1400 postal stations in China alone by the end of Kublai Khan's rule. • Function of postal station Station troops; accommodate officers and merchants; warehouse and market; local residents and temples

  7. Postal Stations in 1330 Postal Station and International Trade during Mongolia Dominance

  8. Postal Station in Ancient China Mengyuyi Jiangsu P. North China: impregnable pass Jimingyi, Hebei P. South China: waterways

  9. InternationalTradeand World Cities

  10. Garrison System and City Construction • Guard Town (Wei-Suo) system in Ming D. A military system directly under the central government; unified management of the army and local government • Function and organization Cultivating the wilderness (Army Farming) and guarding the frontier: 5600 soldiers for 1 Wei, which has 5 Suo (each leads 1120 soldiers) under its command; altogether there were 547 Wei (both inner and outer) and 2563 Suo in Ming Dynasty. • Cities grew from the garrison towns Jinzhou, Tianjin, Yantai, Nahui (Shanghai)……

  11. Structure of Garrison Town

  12. Location of Ming Garrisons Ninghaiwei, Shandong P. Songfanwei, Sichuan P. Tianjinwei, Hebei P.

  13. Major Cities Born from Wei-Suo Yantai, Shandong P. Shanhai-Guan, Hebei P. Tianjin

  14. Elements for Village Construction • Natural and built environment Fengshui guided village location: mountain and land geomantic configuration; well planned infrastructure: water supply, defense facilities and drainage system • Religious and education buildings Lineage dominance and religion: Zongci (Ancestral Hall) and Buddhist temples, village school and stage for local operas • Layout of Chinese traditional villages Village wall and guarded gate, public space, road system, rural market system……

  15. Typical Chinese Villages (Hongcun, Anhui Province)

  16. Typical Chinese Villages (Dangjia, Shannxi Province)

  17. Traditional Clan Compound (Shangxi Wangjia)

  18. Road System in Chinese Villages Hongcun, Anhui P. Dangjiacun, Shannxi P.

  19. Zheng He‘s Long Voyages &the Construction of Oversea China-town • Expansion of Ming Empire influence Political motivation gave impetus to the great sea adventure: struggle to the throne in Ming Dynasty (1399-1402) and the demonstrate of the new empire’s power • Economic benefits and cultural exchanges Exchange of commodities between China, Southeast Asian countries and Africa: silk, porcelain, gild gifts vs. ostriches, zebras, camels and ivory, etc. ; knowledge about various local customs and practices in daily life vs. the understanding of a highly developed civilization in the East; Construction of China-towns in Southeast Asia (Malysia, Indonesia, Singapore……)

  20. Voyages of Zheng He & the Discovery Surabaya, Indonesia Arabia Peninsula, East Africa, India, Malay Archipelago and Thailand, Champa, Java, Siam, Cochin, Ceylon..... Malacca became a useful transit centre for replenishment of Ming fleet supplies

  21. Zheng He’s Navigation based on the Advanced Technology in Ship-building Zheng He’s nautical chart

  22. China Town in the World

  23. China Town in New York ConfuciusTower

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