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Viruses Not living Have DNA or RNA + protein coat Must reproduce inside a host cell

Viruses Not living Have DNA or RNA + protein coat Must reproduce inside a host cell Have receptors on their protein coat for specific cells (ex: Helper T cells and HIV). Review of Animal Kingdom. Domains Kingdoms Phyla Classes. Prokaryotic cells Live in extreme environments

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Viruses Not living Have DNA or RNA + protein coat Must reproduce inside a host cell

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  1. Viruses • Not living • Have DNA or RNA + protein coat • Must reproduce inside a host cell • Have receptors on their protein coat for specific cells (ex: Helper T cells and HIV)

  2. Review of Animal Kingdom Domains Kingdoms Phyla Classes

  3. Prokaryotic cells • Live in extreme environments • Kingdom Archaebacteria Domain Archaea

  4. Prokaryotic • Familiar forms of bacteria • Kingdom Eubacteria Domain Bacteria

  5. All organisms with eukaryotic cells • Includes all animals, plants, fungi and protists • Unicellular or multicellular • Heterotrophic or autotrophic Domain Eukarya

  6. Kingdom Fungi • Heterotrophic • Usually multicellular, but some are unicellular • Cell walls made of chitin • Predigest food outside the body and absorb it • Mushrooms, yeasts, mold, mildew Kingdom Fungi

  7. Kingdom Plantae • Autotrophic • Multicellular • Cell walls made of cellulose • Trees, flowering plants mosses, ferns, conifers Kingdom Plantae

  8. Kingdom Protista • Hodgepodge of groups • Taxonomists are working on this • Heterotrophic or Autotrophic • Unicellular or Multicellular • Mostly aquatic • Include parasites that cause malaria and leishmaniasis, algae, and some that exhibit characteristics of fungi Kingdom Protista

  9. Kingdom Animalia • Heterotrophic • Multicellular • Animals of all types: sponges, jellyfish, worms, mollusks, arthropods like insects, and vertebrates • Phylums studied are: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Mollusca,Echinodermata & Chordata as well as the classes of vertebrates Kingdom Animalia

  10. Phylum Porifera • Types of cells grouped into a body with no symmetry or tissues • Sponges • Phylum Cnidaria • Two germ layers • Tissues • Two body types:polyp and medusa • Stinging cells (nematocysts) • Corals, anemones,jellyfish Phylum Characteristics

  11. Flatworms • Some parasitic, some free-living • Acoelomate, bilateral symmetry • Protostome development • Gastrovascular cavity with one opening • Three germ layers • Flukes, tapeworms, Planaria Phylum Platyhelminthes

  12. Roundworms • Parasitic and free-living in soil • Cuticle shed periodically • Protostome development • Three germ layers, bilateral symmetry • Pseudocoelomate- body cavity partially lined with mesoderm • Ascariswas what we dissected adapted for parasitism, well-developed reproductive system • Simple digestive tract with two openings Phylum Nematoda

  13. Snails, slugs, octopus, clams, squid • Three germ layers • true coelom-body cavity lined with mesoderm • Not segmented, bilateral symmetry • Respiratory system, gills or across mantle cavity • Digestive system with two openings • Both open and closed circulatory systems • Nerve ganglion, simple nervous systems (except cephalopods) • Dissected the clam Phylum Mollusca

  14. Most successful phylum • Three subgroups:crustaceans like lobster and shrimp, insects & arachnids or spiders ticks and mites • Exoskeleton • Three germ layers • Coelom • Flight and other adaptations • Jointed appendages • Open circulatory system • Excretory adaptations • Complete digestive system Phylum Arthropoda

  15. Deuterostome development • Water vascular system • Inner skeleton of plates of calcium • Starfish Phylum Echinidermate

  16. Two groups are not vertebrates:tunicates and lancelets • All chordates have: dorsal, hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches,and a post-anal tail • All classes of remaining chordates have vertebrae • All coelomates, three germ layers, well developed body systems Phylum Chordata

  17. Some fish groups have cartilage skeletons • Most have bony skeletons • Class Chondricthyes have cartilage skeletons • Class Osteichthyes has bony skeletons • Gills and excretory system, lateral line, swim bladder adapts them to an aquatic life • Sharks, walleye, tuna, manta rays Vertebrates-Fish

  18. Adapted for water and land • Must be near water to reproduce • Frogs, caecilians, salamanders • Moist skin • Breathe via skin and small lungs • Kidney and excretory system • Sexual reproduction –external fertilization • Class Amphibia Vertebrates-Amphibians

  19. Dry scaly skin • Amniote egg allows reproduction with no water needed • Ectothermic-use heat from the environment to warm them • Lizards, snakes • Class Reptilia • Heat-sensing organs for finding prey Vertebrates-Reptiles

  20. Class Aves • All birds, including flightless birds • Air spaces, feathers, keel for flight • Evolved from reptiles • Endothermic- metabolism provides heat to warm the body Vertebrates-Birds

  21. Class Mammalia • Diaphragm • Mammary glands • Fur or hair • Endothermic • Larger brain than other classes of vertebrates Vertebrates-Mammals

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