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Emergency Power Options

Emergency Power Options. Steve Jensen – KE7GXC. Emergency Power. Power Sources Batteries Gasoline & diesel engine generators Solar panels & Wind mills ? Alt. Power supplies (fed from AC) What is practical ?. Emergency Power. Emergency Power. Emergency Power.

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Emergency Power Options

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  1. Emergency Power Options Steve Jensen – KE7GXC Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  2. Emergency Power • Power Sources • Batteries • Gasoline & diesel engine generators • Solar panels & Wind mills ? • Alt. Power supplies (fed from AC) What is practical ? Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  3. Emergency Power Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  4. Emergency Power Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  5. Emergency Power • Lithium Polymer “jump starters” Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  6. Emergency Power • Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) auxiliary power Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  7. Emergency Power • Power Sources • Batteries • Gasoline & diesel engine generators • Solar panels & Wind mills ? • Alt. Power supplies (fed from AC) What is practical ? Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  8. Emergency Power • Issues • Battery sizing • Wiring • Safety • We will concentrate on power supplies, batteries & safety. Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  9. Safety • Batteries – fuses and wiring • Power supplies – fuses and wiring • Charging Batteries – ventilate & monitor • Power supply / battery isolation units – they use Schottky diodes – West Mountain Radio makes a good one • Power distribution blocks – suppliers Rig Runner, DCPwr, Auto Parts stores • Wiring & Fusing Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  10. Fire Hazard – computer monitor fire 2004 Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  11. Fire Hazard – Li-Ion batteries Flaming Dell in 2006 Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  12. Overview • Operate batteries & power supplies safely. • Want the station to remain on the air during power failures. • How much power do you need for how long? Receive on the top of the hour? Minimal transmitting. • What kind of batteries? • UPS ? Inverters? Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  13. Glossary of terms • AWG – American Wire Gauge(bigger is better to a point. Flexible welder’s cable in a Sept-2007 QST magazine article) • Deep Cycle – sealed, un-sealed • Sealed – non-spillable, vented. Does it leak ? • Non-sealed – liquid sulfuric acid, require water maintenance – and ventilation ! Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  14. Glossary of terms • AGM – Absorbent Glass Mat technology • GEL CELL – non-liquid electrolyte / acid • Lithium Ion – Li-Ion, LFP • Nickel Metal Hydride – Ni-MH Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  15. Battery Types Types of lead acid batteries used by ARES: • Gel Cell • Sealed. Can be mounted in any orientation • Have emergency vents • AGM • Can be mounted in any orientation • Have emergency vents • Some are safe for air transportation as per IATA/ICAO A67 • Some are classified as non-hazardous, non-restricted for surface transport material Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  16. Battery Types • Lithium Ion – Li-Ion • Lithium Iron Phosphate – light weight • Nickel Metal Hydride – Ni-MH • Nickel Cadmium – no longer in favor • Conventional liquid acid batteries (i.e. automotive, etc.) • Dry cells Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  17. How much power for how long • Power input is radio amps X radio volts • Simple receive estimate is 1.0 amperes • Simple needed power is 3 X transmit power • How many hours of operation ? • Continuously ? • On the quarter hour for five minutes ? • LED lighting ? Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  18. Radio power requirements • Yaesu FT-1500M: 13.6 Volts DC • 0.6 Amps receive (8 watts input) • 3 Amps transmit: 10 watts RF power (41 watts input) • 8 Amps transmit: 50 watts RF power (109 watts input) • Yaesu FT-9900 • 0.5 Amps receive • 8.5 Amps transmit – 50 watts RF power (116 watts input) • Yaesu VX-170 2 meter HT • 13.6 Volts DC • 250mA receive (3.4 watts input) • 1.5 Amps transmit: 5 watts RF power (20.4 watts input) • Duty cycle 10% transmit 90% receive ? Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  19. Power Supplies • ARE NOT designed for charging batteries. • ARE designed to power equipment. • Can be adapted to maintain charge on batteries (float). • Can be used to slowly recharge batteries – use a current limiter (such as an incandescent light bulb in series) or a West Mountain Super PWRgate Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  20. Battery sizing • Battery size is specified in Amp Hours • Ah at a rated discharge rate for ## hours • Deep discharge VS high rate • RV & Golf cart VS UPS • Prefer non-liquid electrolyte GEL or AGM or Lithium Ion or Lithium Iron Phosphate Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  21. How big a battery ? • WerkerWKA12-80C battery is 80Ah rated • Charging -- Charge the battery after every use. Running this type of battery down completely rapidly decreases the battery life. Use the charger specifically designed for your type of battery. • Do not use an automotive or wet-type charger on sealed gel batteries. • Maintaining -- Always store your battery fully charged. A topping charge should be applied every six months to help keep the voltage from dropping. It is best to store the battery in a cool, dry place and disconnected when not in use. Avoid extreme hot or cold temperatures when storing. • Werker WKA12-80C/FR 12V 80AH SLA AGM battery recommended float: 2.28 volts per cell * 6 = 13.68 volts with max. 200mv P-P ripple. Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  22. Charging Batteries • Must supply the battery with 13.5Vdc to 13.7Vdc with VERY low AC ripple (200mv P-P max) • Must limit charge current (big AGM’s 5A) • Must limit discharge to voltage specified by mfg. • Batteries are often labeled with specs. • Review mfg. specs on mfg. web site • Use newer multi-charging mode chargers • Modify -- Astron power supply used for floating battery. Or use isolation diodes to stop reverse current damage. Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  23. Charging Batteries • CARES recommended chargers: • Japlar-Schauer 12v 5 Amp Charger, Model: JAC0512P, $80 + s/h BatteryStuff.com • But has a history of fan wear out. Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  24. Charging Batteries • CARES recommended chargers: • Noco Genius 12v 3.5 Amp Charger, Model: G3500, $60 --Amazon, $48.95 -- Battery X-Change O.C. • But is a radio hash generator! Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  25. Charging Batteries • CARES -- DOES NOT RECOMMEND THESE • Harbor Freight – float charger model: 42292 less than $10 (Note: we’ve seen a number of failures) Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  26. Charging Batteries • West Mountain Super PWRgate PG40S Backup Power System • Hamsource EZ Gate Web: westmountainradio.com/SuperPWRgate.htm Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  27. Testing/Discharging Batteries • The best tool on the market for the HAM is the West Mountain Radio battery automated tester ! • Must limit discharge to voltage specified by mfg. • Load cells -- build from light bulbs ? • Voltmeter monitor ? Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  28. Wiring, Fusing and Isolation • Fuse VERY close to positive terminal. • Insulation boots at the battery terminals. • Must have current limited power supply used for charging battery. • Use large multi-strand wire (low AGW #) • Heavy duty ring terminals • Heavy duty fuse holders. • Safety, safety, safety. Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  29. Wiring, Fusing and Isolation • CARES recommended designs Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  30. Manual connect & disconnect Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  31. Automatic connect & disconnect Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  32. Automatic connect & disconnect Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  33. Automatic connect & disconnect Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  34. Wiring, Fusing and Isolation • CARES recommended designs Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  35. Wiring, Fusing and Isolation • CARES recommended designs Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  36. Wiring, Fusing and Isolation • CARES recommended designs Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  37. Vehicle Considerations Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  38. LED Lighting – 18650 Li-ION Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  39. LED Lighting – 18650 Li-ION Tenergy TN270 $30 Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  40. LED Lighting Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  41. Solar panels Brief Case Roll-Up Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  42. Inverters, Converters • Inverter – converts DC power to AC Q: Why are they called inverters? A: Originally converters were large rotating electromechanical devices. Essentially they combined a synchronous ac motor with a commutator so that the commutator reversed its connections to the ac line exactly twice per cycle. The results is ac-in dc-out. If you invert the connections to a converter you put dc in and get ac out. Hence an inverter is an inverted converter. For more information about such converters see http://www.nycsubway.org/tech/power/rotary.html • Re-purpose small UPS’s 12, 24, 36 or 48 volts DC are common inputs voltages • 120 VAC output • Be sure which before connection…… Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  43. Inverter - Sine & modified sine • Sine wave, square wave, modified sine • Sine wave is the best / safest for equipment • Modified sine wave may be just fine, but...... May damage equipment. • Sine wave or modified sine wave may produce lots of RFI ! • Sine wave will cost MORE ! Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  44. Inverter - AC output Sine wave Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  45. Inverter - AC output “modified” sine wave Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  46. More Information… • Other training sessions ?? • Consulting services, other sources • ARRL Handbook 2006 • ARRL Emergency Power Handbook • www.BatteryUniversity.com – recommended by ICom support tech. • www.pcguide.com/ref/power/ext/ups/funcOutput-c.html • QST Sept-2007 Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  47. Summary • Safety Safety Safety • Fuses, heavy wiring, good insulation • Be especially cautious recharging discharged batteries -- series current limiting ….. • Programmable battery charger. • Incandescent light bulb for current limit.. Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

  48. In closing • Practical use of surplus batteries • Practical charging equipment • Questions…. Steve Jensen – KE7GXC@ARRL.NET Steve Jensen (KE7GXC), Asst. Emergency Coordinator, Clackamas County, Oregon ARES

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