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Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives. Define power and its relationship to authority and influence . Identify the various classifications of power . Discuss the contingency approach to power. Describe the empowerment of employees. Relate the political implications of power .

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Learning Objectives

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  1. Learning Objectives • Define power and its relationship to authority and influence. • Identify the various classifications of power. • Discuss the contingency approach to power. • Describe the empowerment of employees. • Relate the political implications of power. • Present some political strategies for power acquisition in modern organizations.

  2. Introduction • Power and politics – important dynamics in organizational behavior • Power related to authority and influence • Political strategies used to acquire power

  3. Meaning of Power • Ability to get an individual or group to do something • Distinctions among power, authority, and influence • Power – as observed influence or potential to influence • Authority – legitimates and is a source of power • Influence – ability to alter others in general ways

  4. Meaning of Power Continued • Classifications of power • Reward power • Coercive power • Legitimate power • Referent power • Expert power

  5. Meaning of Power Continued • Contingency approaches to power • Influenceability of the targets of power • Dependency • Uncertainty • Personality • Intelligence • Gender • Age • Culture

  6. Meaning of Power Continued • Contingency approaches to power (continued) • An overall contingency model for power

  7. Meaning of Power Continued • Two faces of power • Positive power • Negative power

  8. Special Case of Empowerment • Complexity of empowerment • Innovation implications • Access to Information • Accountability and responsibility • Putting empowerment into action • Two common approaches are: • Kaizen and “just do it” principles (JDIT) • Trust building

  9. Political Implications of Power • Political perspective of power in organizations • Areas relevant to politics • Resources • Decisions • Goals • Technology and external environment • Change

  10. Political Implications of PowerContinued • Specific political strategies for power acquisition

  11. Political Implications of Power Continued • Political tactics

  12. Political Implications of Power Continued • Strategies for power acquisition (continued) • Maintain alliances with powerful people • Embrace or demolish • Divide and rule • Manipulate classified information • Make a quick showing • Collect and use IOUs • Avoid decisive engagement (Fabianism)

  13. Political Implications of Power Continued • Strategies for power acquisition(continued) • Attacking and blaming others • Progress one step at a time • Wait for a crisis • Take council with caution • Be aware of resource dependence

  14. Political Implications of Power Continued • Final word on power and politics • Guidelines to overcome negative impact: • Keep lines of communication open • Role-model ethical and nonpolitical behaviors • Be wary of game players acting only in their own self-interests • Protect individual privacy interests • Always use the value judgment “Is this fair?”

  15. Questions ?

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