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Understanding the Scientific Method: Key Concepts and Applications

Dive into the scientific method, hypothesis testing, data collection, and theory development. Explore variables, experiments, and drawing conclusions. Learn about limitations in scientific research.

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Understanding the Scientific Method: Key Concepts and Applications

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  1. Vocabulary or explain meaning use your NOTES Scientific Method List the steps to the scientific method. Hypothesis (pg 5) Observations (pg 4) Data (pg 4) Experiment- detailed list of procedures to test hypothesis Control group Experimental group Variable Independent (manipulated) variable (p.9) Dependent (Responding) variable (p.9) Which variable in graphed on the X axis ?Y axis? 13. Conclusions 14. Theory and Natural Law 16. List some limitations in science?

  2. Vocabulary or explain meaning use your NOTES Scientific Method List the steps to the scientific method. Hypothesis (pg 5) Observations (pg 4) Data (pg 4) Experiment- detailed list of procedures to test hypothesis Control group Experimental group Variable Independent (manipulated) variable (p.9) Dependent (Responding) variable (p.9) Which variable in graphed on the X axis ?Y axis? 13. Conclusions 14. Theory and Natural Law

  3. Vocabulary or explain meaning use your NOTES Scientific Method List the steps to the scientific method. Hypothesis (pg 5) Observations (pg 4) Data (pg 4) Experiment Control group Experimental group Variable Independent (manipulated) variable (p.9) Dependent (Responding) variable (p.9) Which variable in graphed on the X axis ?Y axis? 13. Conclusions 14. Theory 15. Natural Law

  4. A common misperception of science is that science defines "truth".  Science does not define truth, but rather it defines a way of thought. 

  5. How scientists conduct experiments to answer questions? Scientific method: :Why?

  6. To verify other experiments! That way scientists can test other scientist’s experiments and make sure the experiment produces the results they claimed.

  7. Observation using your senses to notice something

  8. using your senses to notice something Observation- • Objective - • Subjective– • Quantitative – • Qualitative – Based on fact Based on Opinion involve numbers qualities (color, smells, etc.)

  9. 6 parts of scientific Method 1. Purpose/Problem -State the reason you are conducting the experiment. Can be a question. 2. Hypothesis -an educated guess -must be specific and testable - If ________________ then ____________

  10. 6 parts of scientific Method 3. Procedure (must be very detailed) • Materials (list them) • Step by Step Instructions (numbered!) 4. Data (doing the experiment) -Collect info -make observations -make measurements

  11. Independent Variable (IV)- is the one condition that you change, the variable you control. Dependent variable- Is the observation being measured, caused by 1 change due to IV, the outcome factor We need both to compare! Constants: all factors that must stay the same so any observed changes are attributed to IV.

  12. The independent variable (x-axis) will test the effects (causing change) of the dependent variable (y axis)

  13. Experimental Group: group that is exposed to the IV. • Control group – is raised under normal conditions without the variable. It is the standard used for comparison. • Controlled experiment- all the conditions are alike except the condition being tested.

  14. WE ALSO NEED A LARGE SAMPLE SIZE!

  15. 6 parts of scientific Method 5. Data Analysis -graph your data -Include 1-2 sentences explaining what the graphs are showing. 6. Conclusion • Summary – what happened in the experiment? Did you solve your problem? • Possible errors • Follow up experiments

  16. Medical Science

  17. Development of Theories and Laws Outcomes Over the Long-Term • Theory (Model) * A set of tested hypotheses that give an overall explanation of some natural phenomenon. * widely accepted, plausible generalization about fundamental scientific concepts that explain why things happen • Natural Law - A uniform or constant fact of nature that describes what happens in nature. - The same observation applies to many different systems - Example - Law of gravity

  18. Theory vs. Law • A hypothesis becomes a theory or law when it is the general consensus of the scientific community that it should be so. • Theories and laws are not as easily discarded as hypotheses.

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