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From Gene to Protein

From Gene to Protein. Protein Synthesis. You already know that DNA is the “boss” of the cell. It directs all of the cell’s processes. DNA contains coded information to make proteins. Nucleotides in DNA molecules are grouped into genes.

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From Gene to Protein

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  1. From Gene to Protein Protein Synthesis

  2. You already know that DNA is the “boss” of the cell.It directs all of the cell’s processes.

  3. DNA contains coded information to make proteins

  4. Nucleotides in DNA molecules are grouped into genes. • These genes contain specific information to make proteins.

  5. Proteins make up the structure of organisms and control the chemical reactions that occur in an organism • Proteins help determine traits.

  6. Where are proteins made? ribosomes

  7. How does the information in DNA in the nucleus travel to the ribosome in order to make proteins? mRNA

  8. RNA: DNA’s overworked cousin RNA is very similar in structure to DNA. Her are the differences: DNA RNA deoxyribose sugar ribose sugar double stranded single stranded stable unstable thymine uracil

  9. mRNA is made in the nucleus from information in the DNA during a process called transcription mRNA DNA

  10. Transcription

  11. mRNA leaves the nucleus and reaches a ribosome. Translation now occurs

  12. Translation • A tRNA molecule that compliments the mRNA carries the correct amino acid

  13. From RNA to Protein

  14. How is the code in mRNA read by the ribosome to create the protein? • It is “decoded” 3 bases at a time. • Each group of 3 bases is called a CODON. • Every codon has an amino acid somewhere that goes with it.

  15. mRNA codon amino acid UUC

  16. mRNA codon amino acid Phenylalanine UUC GAC

  17. mRNA codon amino acid Phenylalanine Aspartate UUC GAC AUG

  18. mRNA codon amino acid Phenylalanine Aspartate Met (universal start codon) UUC GAC AUG CGC

  19. mRNA codon amino acid Phenylalanine Aspartate Met (universal start codon) Arginine UUC GAC AUG CGC

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