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Introduction to Electronic Government Electronic Government Monday, November 10, 2014

Introduction to Electronic Government Electronic Government Monday, November 10, 2014. Hun Myoung Park, Ph.D. Public Management & Policy Analysis Program Graduate School of International Relations. Definition of E - Government.

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Introduction to Electronic Government Electronic Government Monday, November 10, 2014

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  1. Introduction to Electronic GovernmentElectronic GovernmentMonday, November 10, 2014 Hun Myoung Park, Ph.D. Public Management & Policy Analysis ProgramGraduate School of International Relations

  2. Definition of E-Government • E-government, digital (online, virtual) government, e-service, e-management… • New form of government (as opposed to existing government) ? • Positive definition: providing public services using information systems • Normative definition: should improve accountability, transparency, citizens’ participations, etc. 2

  3. Electronic Government 1 • E-government Act of 2002, U.S.A. • http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/107/hr2458/text,§3601 (3) • “Use by the Government of Web-based applications and • other information technologies, • combined with processes that that implement these technologies, … 3

  4. Electronic Government 2 • to (a) enhance the access to and delivery of Government information and services to the public, other agencies, and other Government entities or … • (b) bring about improvements in Government operations that may include effectiveness, efficiency, service quality, or transformation, …” • *ONLY when well developed and operated 4

  5. Electronic Government 3 • Section 2. (a) Finding (2) • “The Federal Government has had uneven success in applying advances in information technology to enhance governmental functions and services, achieve more efficient performance, increase access to Government information, and increase citizen participation in Government.” 5

  6. Electronic Government 4 Section 2. (a) Finding (3) “Most Internet-based services of the Federal Government are developed and presented separately, according to the jurisdictional boundaries of an individual department or agency, rather than being integrated cooperatively according to function or topic..” 6

  7. Electronic Government 5 Section 2. (a) Finding (6) “A critical element in the management of Government, to be implemented as part of a management framework that also addresses finance, procurement, human capital, and other challenges to improve the performance of Government.” 7

  8. Electronic Government 6 • Section 2. (a) Finding (7) • “To take full advantage of the improved Government performance that can be achieved through the use of Internet-based technology requires strong leadership, better organization, improved interagency collaboration, and more focused oversight of agency compliance with statutes related to information resource management.” 8

  9. Electronic Government 7 • Section 2. (b) Purpose • “To promote use of the Internet and other information technologies to provide increased opportunities for citizen participation in Government.” (2) • “To promote the use of the Internet and emerging technologies within and across Government agencies to provide citizen-centric Government information and services.” (5) • “To make the Federal Government more transparent and accountable.”(9) 9

  10. Electronic Government 8 • Section 2. (b) Purpose (11) • “To provide enhanced access to Government information and services in a manner consistent with laws regarding • protection of personal privacy, • national security, records retention, • access for persons with disabilities, and other relevant laws.” 10

  11. E-Government vs. IS 1 • How does e-government differ from traditional information systems? • “Same (not old) wine in different glasses”? • World Wide Web versus internal processing (computerization)? Like user interface vs. kernel in operating system? • Web itself plays a role of input and output interface rather than data process 11

  12. E-Government vs. IS 2 Traditional information systems (or computerization) are to process and deliver data and information processed. This is a narrow concept of IS Most modern information systems combine data processing and Web interface to improve presentation and interactivity 12

  13. E-Government vs. IS 3 Digital convergence makes it difficult to distinguish clearly one technology from another Need a wide concept of information systems that combine various technologies (e.g., Web and mobile tech.) Classical information systems  computerized information systems  Web-combined information systems. 13

  14. Data Processing and Interface 14

  15. Web-based Technology? • Web is the core technology of e-government but not the only one • Otherwise, e-government is of input/output interfaces only. Then, business process reengineering (BPR)is not likely. • E-government needs to be considered public information systems focusing on input/output interfaces and their use in facilitating two-way communications 15

  16. E-government, E-governance? • “Governance describes “messy, multi-leveled, reticular exercise of power” and is “implicated in diverse aspects of taste, moral choice, and personal regulation”Coleman (2008). • Does E-governance really differ from e-government? So many e-… • Replace e-governance with e-government and then read again. Is there any difference? • Don’t be fooled by terminologies and words 16

  17. Some Examples of E-… • Rocheeau (2008: 128) • E-services v.s. E-commerces • E-management • E-procurement • E-file (tax filing) • E-democracy • E-voting • E-learning • Oncouse CL (Indiana University) 17

  18. Types of E-government 1 • According to parties involved: • Government to government: G2G or G2E (government to employees) within/among government department and agencies • Government to business: G2B. E-procurement • Government to citizens: G2C or C2G to improve citizens’ participation in government 18

  19. Types of E-government 2 Information provision (one-way broadcasting), transaction, and interaction One-way interaction vs. two-way interaction Media interaction (e.g., downloading) vs. Compute-mediated human interaction (e.g., message board and chatting) by Stromer-Galley (2000) 19

  20. Web Site or Web Portal? • Web portal “Integrate[s] a wide variety of information and e-commerce solutions as well as links to other related Web sites” (Rocheleau, 2006:162) • One-stop service no matter whether citizens know which department or agency the need to contact. • Universal accessibility is highly needed. 20

  21. E-government Models 1 • Since 2000, many e-government developments have been suggested. • Baum & Di Maio (2000) • UN & ASPA (2001) • Hiller &Belanger (2001) • Layne & Lee (2001) • West (2004) • To suggest developing strategies 21

  22. E-government Models 2 22

  23. E-government Models 3 23

  24. E-government Models 4 Coursey and Norris (2008). Phases or stages of e-government models may be distinguishable from each other only in a conceptual or technical sense Multiple technologies in multiple stages coexist in an e-government A technology can be used in multiple stages 24

  25. E-government Models 5 Phases or stages are neither necessarily sequential nor linear Normative interpretation does not make much sense. Cutting-edge tech. is not always good Technology-oriented and service provision oriented without consideration of demands. Important is what citizens want. 25

  26. E-government Models 6 • Shift from the technology-centered approach or to client-centered (centric) approach. • From service provision-oriented approach to demand and need-oriented approach • Training and education are essential in addition to advanced information technology service. 26

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