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Satellite Interference! …SDA, Carrier ID, VSAT Statistics and Difficult Cases

Satellite Interference! …SDA, Carrier ID, VSAT Statistics and Difficult Cases. formerly. satellite Interference Reduction Group are dealing with…. The former Satellite Users Interference Reduction Group (SUIRG) was restructured in February 2011 and rebranded:

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Satellite Interference! …SDA, Carrier ID, VSAT Statistics and Difficult Cases

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  1. Satellite Interference!…SDA, Carrier ID, VSAT Statistics and Difficult Cases formerly satellite Interference Reduction Group are dealing with…

  2. The former Satellite Users Interference Reduction Group (SUIRG) was restructured in February 2011 and rebranded: satellite Interference Reduction Group (IRG) …focused on Technology Solutions! It will actively pursue interference reduction by promoting: Coordination with other industry organizations to address regulatory issues, and ensure adoption of Carrier ID Investigation and development of new technologies and techniques Assist in the development of best operational practices, training and certification programs for installers and users through the End User Initiative (EUI now part of IRG; was RFI-EUI) Support & coordinate with GVF, WBU-ISOG, APSCC, SSPi, MilSatCom Members total 32, including satellite operators and other organizations More input needed, to get new ideas, grow participation, expand industry-wide implementation of interference mitigation initiatives. …background on IRG

  3. What is Interference?… • Sustainability of space – two main aspects: • Physical security (collision avoidance, debris mitigation) • Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) / Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) • Satellites are a shared resource (space, satellite, transponder) • In-band RFI (RFI within the operating frequency range of the satellite) • Out-of-band (RFI from adjacent frequency bands from the satellite) • Much higher power (e.g. terrestrial/mobile services) can affect the adjacent very low power satellite signals • Frequency spectrum of a satellite transponder • Blue trace is the authorized user signals • Purple trace is authorized plus interference • Users must be: • On the right satellite • At the right frequency • At the right power

  4. What is the cause of RFI?... Greater number of satellites Reduced orbital separation Satellites in geosynchronous orbit – courtesy of Analytical Graphics, Inc. Growth of small ground terminals Low equipment cost; lower quality; lower margins Poor installations and maintenance Lack of operational training Faulty equipment Sometimes intentional, but rare

  5. Putting in to Perspective…

  6. The SES Experience with RFI…

  7. Satellite RFI: the big 4! Problems: • Improper Installations • Sub-Standard Equipment • Unidentified Carriers • Insufficient Incident Coordination • Solutions (Tools): • Proactive … • Training & Certification • Type Approvals • Network Validation • Reactive … • Carrier ID/Geolocation • Data Sharing/SDA • Statistics/VSATs

  8. VSAT WG ETSI SDA ITU DVB IRG EUI …IRG Working Groups & how they fit Satellite Operators, Vendors, Users, Agencies, VARs, Interested Parties GVF Carrier ID Video/SCPC Implementation of CID on uplinks Best Practices Training & Certification - SNG Training & Type Approvals Host for CID global database Regulatory & Spectrum VSAT Analysis Intentional Interference VSAT Vendors Satellite Operators VARs Broad- casters Data Sharing for Conj. Analysis and RFI Mitigation Create Specification Define Regulations, Investigate Offenders Create Standards Satellite Operators National Regulatory Agencies

  9. Working Group remits… CID… Setting up Processes ID Database Creation Moving forward with the new DVB Standard Work with Manufacturers CID Ready Logo Engage the Broadcaster/Uplinker Better Spectrum Monitoring Start with SNG & NIT Guide/Advise FCC Part 25 & OFCOM VSAT… Assess all new Data Assess Root Causes Study at “Closed-Loop” Techniques Study Tx Amplifier Technology – Remote Power Levelling Study Cross-Pol Error Detection Modernise Hub Controllers Feed GVF VSAT Working Group Assist GVF with Training Programs • DIFFICULT CASES… • Better Geo-Location • Predictive Methods • Suppression • Data & Records • Set Standards for Monitoring, Data & Recording Processes • Formal Evidence • Future Satellite Technology… • Electronic Beam Shaping • On-Board Geo

  10. The EUI - now part of IRG (was RFI-EUI)… TRAINING & CERTIFICATION: With All Industry Groups Create Quality Interactive & Hands-on Testing for SNG Uplinkers Study “Closed-Loop” Techniques 3. Follow X-Pol Error Detection 4. Modernize Hub Controllers 5. Co-ord with GVF VSAT WG 6. Assist GVF / IRG with Training Programs & future Developments 7. Progress movement toward “Required Certification” • BEST PRACTICES, DOCUMENTATION & TECHNOLOGY: • ITU Rec. GAP for Uplinking • Developing GMP for proper • Maintenance Procedures • 3. On-going Mitigation Techniques • 4. Collect and Log Data & Records • 5. Set Standards for Monitoring, • Data & Recording Processes • 6. Better Geolocation • 7. Future Satellite Technology… • Electronic Beam Shaping • On-Board Geolocation

  11. Events from IBC 2012 to Date… APSCC - Seoul Sept 2012 HBO/SATCON - NY Nov 2012 InterBEE - Tokyo Nov 2012 IRG Conference - Dubai Nov 2012 WBU-ISOG - Geneva Nov 2012 MILSATCOM - London Nov 2012 PTC - Hawaii Jan 2013 CabSat - Dubai March 2013 Sat Show (SDA) - DC March 2013 MilSatCom – Abu Dhabi May 2013 WBU-ISOG - LA May 2013 GVF HTS - DC May 2013 CommunicAsia - Singapore June 2013 Secure World Foundation (SWF) – DC June 2013 (Steve Smith) GVF Maritime – London June 2013 China Satellite (via Skype) - Beijing Sept 2013 IBC - Amsterdam Sept 2013 COMSYS VSAT Forum - Amsterdam Sept 2013 APSCC - Hong Kong - Sept 2013 IRG Conference - Rio Oct 2013 Space & Satellite Regulatory Colloquium (Jones Day/SDA) - DC Oct 2013 MilSatCom - London Nov 2013 WBU-ISOG - Rio (via Skype) Nov 2013 SATCON - NY Nov 2013 ARABSAT Forum - Athens Dec 2013 GVF HTS - London Dec 2013 ESA - Amsterdam 2014 Sat Show - DC March 2014

  12. Intentional Interference Events… Meetings/Events with full IRG participation from our IRG Conference (Dubai) 18/19th November 2012 BBC World Service (London) 20th November 2012 Eutelsat (Paris) 18th January 2013 CabSat (Dubai) 12th March 2013 Satellite Show (DC) 21st March 2013 MilSatCom (Abu Dhabi) 8th May 2013 ITU (Geneva) 10th June 2013 ASBU (Tunis) 6th October 2013 Others not budgeted for but IRG has been asked to attend… ITU x2 - Fiji Oct 2013 & Bangkok Nov 2013

  13. Regulatory/Type Approvals & Other Events… OFCOM… London Feb, July & Dec 2013 Type Approvals/QA… London Inmarsat Dec 2012 SSPi... NY Nov 2012 Washington DC March 2013 London June 2013 Amsterdam Sept 2013 (at IBC EUSatCom)

  14. for more Working Group Information - Contact… • CID: Roger Franklin (Crystal Solutions) • Email: roger.franklin@crystalcc.com • DIFFICULT CASES: Yaser Hassan (ArabSat) • Email: yaserh@arabsat.com • VSAT: Thomas van den Driessche (Newtec) • Email: tvd@newtec.eu

  15. for more Group Information - Contact… • sIRG: Exec Director: Martin Coleman • Email: martin.coleman@satirg.org • GVF: Secretary General: David Hartshorn • Email: david.hartshorn@gvf.org • WBU-ISOG: http://www.worldbroadcastingunions.org/wbuarea/committees/isog.asp • EUI: Co-Chairs: Dick Tauber • Email: dick.tauber@satirg.org • Rich Wolf • Email: richard.wolf@theswitch.tv (…for the Broadcaster perspective)

  16. SDA Future Plans

  17. SDA Current Participants Multi-national, open to all space operators, in all orbital regimes • 24 contributing operators • 3 civil satellite operators

  18. Space Data Center - Current Participation • 3 civil satellite operators • 23 participating operators • 118 LEO/MEO satellites from 7 operators • 241 GEO satellites from 18 operators

  19. Space Data Association - Objectives for 2014 SDA Grow Membership Develop Government and Industry Relationships Develop Space Insurance Relationships Secure Access to Additional Data Sources SDC Reduce Operating Costs and Improve Service Implement Data Sharing for RFI Mitigation Carrier ID Database Supports RFI initiative of other industry bodies (IRG, EUI, GVF, WBU-ISOG)

  20. SDA Future Consideration • Space Weather • Improved data distribution & alerts • Controlled sharing of proprietary data • Improved modeling with feedback • Space insurance • Secure preferred terms for SDA members based on better management of risk

  21. SDA Future Challenges • Data Sources • SDA/SDC built on user data, including ‘future knowledge’ • Full catalogue requires additional data: • Increase participation >>> 100% of satellite operators • Access other data sources to fill gaps and verify existing • Increasing tracking capabilities/data is key • Funding • SDA is funded solely by participants • Funding levels limit future developments • External funding could affect independence • Fee-paying ‘added value’ service models considered

  22. Satellite Interference!…Carrier ID formerly satellite Interference Reduction Group are dealing with…

  23. DVB CID Update… The End of the Beginning! DVB completed its work on CID February 28th 2013 http://www.dvb.org/technology/standards/a164_DVB-CID_Carrier-ID_spec.pdf ETSI published the standard 29th May 2013! ETSI TS 103 129 http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103100_103199/103129/01.01.01_60/ts_103129v010101p.pdf

  24. …so where are we? • We have an ETSI Standard (May 2013) & NIT! • 70% of all supplied Modulators are DVB CID ready now! • 80% of all supplied Encoders are NIT CID ready now! • SDA CID Database in production (ready for June 2014) • Detection Systems available now! • Eutelsat, Intelsat & SES putting CID Systems in place now! • WBU-ISOG Resolutions created CID targets! (May 2013) • ASBU Action Plan requires CID (Oct 2013) • FCC require ALL SNG/Flyaway Broadcast Platforms to be DVB CID compliant by 1st June 2016 • Start CID rollout – 1st January 2015!

  25. So moving forward… • Based on these particular WBU-ISOG resolutions with the aim to start rollout by 2015: • By 1 January 2015: All new modulators purchased for video uplinking will contain CID meeting ETSI DVB-CID standard • To meet Resolution 1, all Uplinkers of SCPC and MCPC video and data, fixed and mobile, will include DVB-CID in all RFPs for new modulators • By 1 January 2018: All uplinkers shall use DVB-CID on their SCPC and MCPC video and data transmissions • Can we find out who has CID (NIT or DVB)? • Who is requiring it? (Commercial/Military) • What planning is being done? How we can support… • Providing better information, how? • Workshops, Events, Sessions?

  26. What is CID? • Carrier ID is a unique identification code embedded on a transmitted carrier • This will be decoded by Satellite Operators to identify the uplinker of an interfering carrier • No customer information (location or contacts) need be included with the CID (although it may be optionally included). So privacy is ensured for the customer • Initially for DVB OU/SNG, video, data. Not VSAT TDMA • Two formats: • CID-NIT (old spec, to be phased out, may be compatible with existing equipment, requires uplinker to program the NIT) • DVB-CID (new spec, robust in presence of overlapping interference, spread spectrum technology, minimal user action)

  27. What are the benefits? • Considerable effort and time is required for Operators to identify and resolve interference • CID will help identify interfering carriers • Not a magic solution for RFI, but a positive step that will help • Benefits: • Rapidly identify interfering carriers • Enable faster action to resolve interference • Improved QoS for customers (especially those affected by RFI)

  28. How does DVB-CID work? CID is transported in a spread spectrum carrier below the noise floor, under the main carrier CID can be decoded even in presence of overlapping interfering carriers DVB-CID carrier is at typically 27dB below the level of the main carrier Degradation of the main carrier is <0.28dB [Graphics courtesy of Newtec]

  29. DVB CID Summary… DVB CID standard relies on spread spectrum technology in modems/ modulators to embed CID in satellite transmissions • Mandatory Information – Fixed by the equipment manufacturer • 64-bit DVB CID Global Unique Identifier: Derived from a 48 bit MAC address or a 48 bit Space Data Association (SDA) modulator identifier • CID Format: A revision code anticipating possible changes in the revision number and possible content of the fields in the Content ID table Optional Information – Added by end user Carried in the Content ID table: Latitude and longitude Telephone numbers (up to 3) User defined data fields (up to 7)

  30. Next Steps… Implementation of standard by manufacturers Requirement for CID by end users in all new purchases Requirement for CID by satellite operators in all uplink transmissions Finalize CID standard Some already implemented 70% by end of 2013 Complete by June 1, 2013 What will encourage end users to require it? How best to encourage all to implement? Target date: January 1, 2015 Completion of the CID standard is only the beginning…now the real work begins

  31. CID (usingNIT) - the Olympics - the Process (Manual)… • Each Satellite Operator (e.g. Intelsat, SES & Eutelsat) ensures the NIT contains the… • Manufacturer’s Code • Carrier ID # (Serial No/MAC Address –12 Characters max) • Optional - Satellite Operator name and contact info in to the User Field Geo Stationary satellite subjected to Interference Sat Ops #1 Sat Ops #2 Sat Ops #n E.g. Sat Ops #1 detects & reports an Interfering Carrier Carrier ID extracted & examined (e.g. User Info = Sat Ops #2)… Then manually, cooperation between Operators… Sat Ops #2 contacted & provided with Carrier ID#... Legitimate Signal Sat Ops #2, using the reported Carrier ID#, determines Customer and contacts for corrective action! Satellite coverage on earth surface This ensures Customer Data stays secure with the responsible Satellite Operator!

  32. Timeline • sIRG objective: • To prove CID process, use CID for World Cup OU video, June 2014 • Based on WBU-ISOG resolutions: • By 1 January 2015: All new modulators purchased for video uplinking will contain CID meeting ETSI DVB-CID standard • To meet Resolution 1, all uplinkers of SCPC and MCPC video and data, fixed and mobile, will include DVB-CID in all RFPs for new modulators • By 1 January 2018: All uplinkers shall use DVB-CID on their SCPC and MCPC video and data transmissions • By 1 January 2018: All use of CID-NIT shall be phased out by this date • By 1 January 2015: All Satellite Operators shall start the transition to use CID that meets CID-NIT or DVB-CID standards (phasing out CID-NIT by 1 Jan 2018) • Based on new FCC Part 25 Rule (Digital ATIS): • By 1 June 2016: All SNG video transmissions must use the DVB-CID (ETSI) standard

  33. Latest WBU-ISOG Resolutions… At the conclusion of the recent WBU-ISOG Forum (May 15-16, 2013) held at Fox Networks in Los Angeles, there was agreement to issue a resolution in support of the recently adopted Carrier ID standard issued by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) – ETSI TS 103 129 v1.1.1 (2013 – 05).  With this positive step forward by the industry to identify satellite transmissions of video content and as a means to mitigate harmful satellite interference, WBU-ISOG supports the following resolutions: Exclusions and their Definition The requirements for transmission of Carrier ID do not apply to MSS systems which automatically configure frequency, power level, polarization and transmit inhibit according to commands issued by a central control mechanism which is in the control of the satellite operator. The ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) – ETSI TS 103 129 v1.1.1 (2013 – 05) standard does not address systems that use TDMA or other types of burst carriers, and as such, equipment or systems that use TDMA or burst carriers are excluded at present from these resolutions. RESOLUTIONS: WBU-ISOG supports the requirement that, by no later than January 1, 2015, all new model modulators and codecs with integrated modulators purchased by end users for video uplinking contain a Carrier ID (CID) that meets the ETSI TS 103 129 standard issued May 29, 2013. Based on Resolution #1 and with immediate effect, the WBU-ISOG supports the requirement that all uplinkers of SCPC and MCPC Video and Data, fixed and mobile systems shall include Carrier ID functionality in the required specifications of all current and future RFP’s (Request for Proposal) or RFQ’s (Request for Quote) issued to equipment manufacturers regarding the purchase of modulators and/or codecs with integrated modulators. The WBU-ISOG supports the requirement that all satellite operators, by no later than January 1, 2015 start the transition to use Carrier ID that meets WBU-ISOG NIT or the ETSI standard for all SNG, DSNG and any other New Uplink transmission services. The WBU-ISOG supports the requirement that all uplinkers by no later than January 1, 2018 shall ensure that Carrier ID is included for all their respective SCPC and MCPC Video and Data transmissions. The WBU-ISOG supports the requirements that CID NIT shall be phased-out in preference to the ETSI standard by January 1, 2018.

  34. Moving Forward with CID… • Simple ID, simple fix! • Operator-to-Operator Automation - SDA) • Use MAC Address only • Secure ID-to-Operator Link • Simple Trace: Carrier-to-Operator • Hold applicable Carrier Data details - Operator only! • Accuracy & Maintenance Use both NIT (ideal start for SNG) & migrate to DVB Standard…

  35. Satellite Operator Tasks • Develop CID ops processes • Key objective: minimize complexity and expense for users • Decode ID during line-up/ routine monitoring, enter in carrier dbase • Specify inter-Operator (e.g. via global dbase) processes • Develop global CID database (prototype June 2014, final in 2015) • Implement CID decoding in monitoring systems (basic functionality by June 2014, full functions for 2015) • Need rollout plan. Large Operators have dozens of mon sites to equip • Promote CID to customers (uplinkers) • Info to sales teams and customers, industry presentations • Implement CID at our own teleports (uplinks) • Target 2015-2018 depending on modem capability and refresh cycle • Longer term automation plans • Auto detection of CID and immediate checking of databases

  36. CID Global Database • SDA will develop and host a global database for Operators to associate a CID with the name of the Satellite Operator who is transmitting the carrier with that code • Allows an Operator who is affected by interference to quickly find the name of the Satellite Operator to contact, to investigate and resolve the interference

  37. Carrier ID Process “Road Map” - way forward Timeline… 2011 2012 2014 2015 2013 Broadcasters/ Users/Industry RFI-EUI Turner/CNN Comtech CID Tests May 2011 CBS Live Tests Aug to Sep 2011 Comtech CID Product release, Prices, etc. Nov 2011 Comtech/ Newtec - Sat Ops/ sIRG/Others Sponsor DVB Oct 2011 DVB Commercial Module Complete Feb 2012 DVB Technical Complete Oct 2012 DVB CID Spec Feb 2013 ETSI CID Standard May 2013 Industry continues to implement CID in product ranges Sep IBC 2014 ...CID Process Implemented! sIRG Develop the CID Database... Business case to sIRG Board Jul 2011 CID Database Develop - SDA/ Sat Ops up-to-date IBC Sep 2011 VSAT CID Solutions & Progress Sat Ops/RFI-EUI/sIRG Develop Full Testing begins Mar 2012 (Ready for Washington Sat Show) Continued until Olympics Jun 2012 Continued Database & VSAT CID Development Include migration to SDA Sep 2013 Integrate in to SDA Sep IBC 2014 sIRG CID for Olympics Started NAB 2010 1st January, 2015 Satellite Operators Engage Sat Ops on CID Database Jul/Aug 2011 GVF/sIRG/Eutelsat Summit IBC 8th Sep 2011 Meeting of main Industry Parties... Sat Corp/ISI, Comtech, Newtec, iDirect, sIRG, SES, Eutelsat, Intelsat, Ericsson, Vislink, Others? IBC Sep 2011 Sat Ops Olympic Implement & Start Test/Live CID Mar 2012 Results of Olympic CID Sep IBC 2012 Sat Ops continued Implementation Worldwide to Aug 2014 Implementation Documentation sIRG - Draft Jul 2011

  38. Satellite Interference!…VSAT formerly satellite Interference Reduction Group are dealing with…

  39. Types of RFI and taking a look at VSATs… • To put it in perspective: • The amount of capacity affected by RFI at any time, is very small compared to the total capacity • However, for an affected customer, it is harmful interference • Impact to industry: • Poor quality of service; affects revenue; bad perception of satellites

  40. Satellite Interference!…Difficult Cases formerly satellite Interference Reduction Group are dealing with…

  41. Deliberate Jamming… Abu Dhabi MilSatCom Intro for reference… “As satellite communication technology evolves and continuous to grow, satellite networks are increasingly subject to radio frequency interference from a variety of ground transmitters. In an interesting panel, regions SatCom users outline steps they undertake to eliminate interference and outlines measures they expect from operators, regulators and system providers that can help their efforts.” Affects to the Broadcaster & Regulation… Jamming – Cover both Intentional and typical instances of Interference Mention Short Wave issues (BBC World Service/VoA) (Something the BBC reminded me of at CabSat!) ITU Perspectives of where we are regarding harmful Interference, Geneva meeting 10th June where IRG/GVF helped present a day forum to National Entities on this subject. Note, previous Meetings/Events with full IRG participation… IRG Conference (Dubai) 18/19th November 2012 BBC World Service (London) 20th November 2012 Eutelsat (Paris) 18th January 2013 CabSat (Dubai) 12th March 2013 Satellite Show (DC) 21st March 2013 MilSatCom (Abu Dhabi) 8th May 2013 ITU (Geneva) 10th June 2013 (What happened?)

  42. Jamming - continued… Proactive Solutions/Prevention… An Audience reminder on Training, Installation, Certification & Quality Assurance/Type Approval Update on what is now available for SNG, how does Training help prevent – GVF Initiatives… Note, we can add as part of the discussion period about  RFI-EUIs role General Access Procedures and SNG Training, using this & other tools to help prevent interference in the first place, etc. etc. Carrier ID… Carrier ID DVB Standard - Bring us up-to-date with the DVB/ETSI, leading what really must be done to get CID implemented, require it, customers to specify it, etc. (see other parts of this presentation)

  43. Jamming - continued… • Reactive Solution – Processes, Tools & Technology… • Interference & Geo-Location • Brief to intro Geolocation for the audience as the final approach when all other avenues have been exhausted… • New standards to be developed for Geolocation Data output (agreed at CabSat 2013 between SAT Corp, Siemens & Zodiac Aerospace) including ITU request to initialize development of a standard for all ITU submissions. ITU Template received by IRG, first draft Geolocation Output Data template in time for Geneva meeting, 10th June 2013; with a view to creating an ISO standard… • Thus improving evidence gathering! • Discussion on allowing more monitoring stations to submit Geolocation data, with that standard, to allow more evidence of any single threat for the ITU to put forward to any entity, national or otherwise, to ensure accurate, common format, independently registered sourced evidence to provide that compelling case!

  44. Jamming - continued… • Reactive Solution – Processes, Tools & Technology (continued)… • Interference & Geo-Location • Predictive Geolocation, using the politics to govern where the most likely target services & put a “watch” on those services. • Suppression (more to come on this ready for Geneva & Communic Asia); smart receivers/filtering; Better Service/Frequency Planning Strategies… • Leading to issues raised at other events on Deliberate Jamming, Database for Difficult Interference Case Events – next 3 slides…

  45. Database for Difficult Interference Case Events… Creation of a database of all interference events – especially those caused Intentionally or by Piracy… What Data would go into the Database? Interference Received – satellite, transponder, start time, end time (when there is one) Affected party – CID, geo-location of transmission, content, modulation parameters, company and contact Interfering party – CID, geo-location of transmission, content (if any), modulation parameters (if any), company/contact (if known) Spectrum details, Plots, Recordings, Log of Detection and Resolution Activity, etc.

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