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Jitka Škopová & Radek Marták

Jitka Škopová & Radek Marták. ALCOHOLS. Main characteristics:. C ontains -OH  hydroxyl group Common formula is R-OH alcohols: R is alkyl group (e. g. methyl, ethyl...) phenols: R is aryl (e. g. phenyl) Depending on C, where the -OH group is bonded : primary alcohol: R-OH

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Jitka Škopová & Radek Marták

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  1. Jitka Škopová & Radek Marták ALCOHOLS

  2. Main characteristics: Contains-OH  hydroxyl group • Common formula is R-OH • alcohols: R is alkyl group (e. g. methyl, ethyl...) • phenols: R is aryl (e. g. phenyl) • Depending on C, where the -OH group is bonded: • primary alcohol: R-OH • secondary alcohol: R2-CHOH • tertiary alcohols: R3COH- divided by the count of -OH • monohydric – contain 1x –OH group • polyhydric: 2x, 3x… -OH group • polyhydric alcohol sever H2O to form ketone

  3. Overview of alcoholes

  4. How to prepare an alcohol? • From natural resources: • ethanol is formedby the fermentation of sugarand then is distilled from a mixture (mostly methanol and ethanol) • Industrial production: • from unsaturatedhydrocarbons = water addition on thedouble bond (catalyzeby H2SO4or H3PO4):

  5. Some preparations

  6. Some reactions • main reaction is nucleophilic substitution • example of oxidation

  7. Usage • as a solvent in industry • raw material for other preparations • e. g. ethanol can be very ecological fuel to engines in the future (but it bond with water and it cause corrosion, however we can dispatch this) • they are very extended in nature in ester forms (e. g. fat, wax, resin etc.) • cleaning liquids • sources of light and solid ethanol for cooking on holidays

  8. And well-known usage is… • DRINKING  • e. g. 10° beer has about 4% vol. of alcohol • e. g. wine has about 12% vol. of alcohol • e. g. tequila has about 38% vol. of alcohol • e. g. absinth has about 75% vol. of alcohol But you know this numbers, don‘t you? Oh, but drinking alone is called alcoholism, so becareful…

  9. Vocabulary: • monohydric, polyhydric – jedno (více) sytný • fermentation – kvašení • raw material – výchozí produkt • wax – vosk • resin – pryskyřice • dispatch – odstranit • tequila – tequila (Velice dobrá lihovina. Pije se buď s citronem a solí, nebo skořicí a pomerančem .)

  10. Děkujem za pozornostnashledanou Bye, bye

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