1 / 12

Looking Westward

Looking Westward. pp. 348-259. Manifest Destiny. Writer John O’Sullivan coined the phrase in 1845 Destined by God & history to expand from coast to coast Fit w/ nationalism movement Racial motives for expansion “Racial purity” & superiority of the “American race”

iliana-schmidt
Download Presentation

Looking Westward

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Looking Westward pp. 348-259

  2. Manifest Destiny • Writer John O’Sullivan coined the phrase in 1845 • Destined by God & history to expand from coast to coast • Fit w/ nationalism movement • Racial motives for expansion • “Racial purity” & superiority of the “American race” • Expansion opposed by some, including Clay • Would re-open debate of spreading slavery westward

  3. Texas • 1803—Claimed by U.S. in LA Purchase • 1819—Given to Spain as part of Adams-Onis Treaty • 1821—Becomes part of Mexico as Mexico gains its independence, American settlement is encouraged • 1835—30K Americans living in Texas • 1836—Americans in Texas declare their independence from Mexico/Texas gains independence • 1845—After much debate, the U.S. annexes Texas; Mexico breaks diplomatic ties w/ U.S. • JQA & AJ had both tried to purchase TX previously

  4. Oregon Territory • Claimed by both Brits (George Vancouver) & the U.S. (Robert Gray) • 1818—Agreed to joint occupation • 1820s/1830s—Few white settlers, mostly fur traders • 1836—Marcus & Narcissa Whitman est. mission • 1843—Oregon Trail popularized; 5K settlers w/in next 2 yrs. • 1846—Despite “54° 40° or Fight,” Polk settles border at 49° N (same as today) • 1847—Cayuse Indians attack & kill Whitmans

  5. Election of 1844 Polk ran on a pro-expansion platform Clay avoided the issue of annexing Texas

  6. Trails • Oregon Trail • California Trail • Mormon Trail • Santa Fe Trail • *See map on p. 353

  7. Life on the Trail • “Jumping off towns” • Independence, MO; St. Joseph, MO & Council Bluffs, IA • Mostly family units until Gold Rush; hired guides • 2,000 miles; 4-6 months • Various hardships: • Weather, disease (cholera & typhoid fever), rugged terrain • Native Americans often acted as guides & trade partners; occasional conflict, but often sensationalized • *More deaths from accidental gunshots than Native attacks

  8. Mexican War • Mexico refused to recognize Texas’ independence • Border dispute (Rio Grande or Neuces?); see map on p. 356 • Polk sends Zachary Taylor to TX & tells navy to capture CA ports if Mexico declares war • Polk then offered to buy disputed areas (Slidel, $25 million for NM & CA) • War declared in May of 1846; overwhelmingly supported by Congress • War had many critics • Ulysses S. Grant, Abraham Lincoln, Henry David Thoreau • See quotes on p. 357

  9. Mexican War • Stephen Kearny captured Santa Fe w/ no opposition (1846) • Kearny & Fremont captured California (1846) • Bear Flag Revolt • Winfield Scott captures Mexico City (1847) • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) • Mexican Cession (see map on p. 358) • U.S. paid $15 million • Some wanted “All Mexico!”

  10. Wilmot Proviso • What is the status of slavery in the newly acquired territory? • David Wilmot, from PA, anti-slavery Democrat • Proviso prohibited slavery in new territory • Passed House, but not Senate • Debate lingered; sectionalism intensified

More Related