1 / 31

Placido Based Corneal Topography

Placido Based Corneal Topography. Mohammad Ghoreishi , MD Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan, Iran. Topography. Topography is the science of describing or representing the features of a particular surface. Corneal topography. Computer- assisted videokeratoscopy

ilyssa
Download Presentation

Placido Based Corneal Topography

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Placido Based Corneal Topography Mohammad Ghoreishi, MD Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan, Iran

  2. Topography Topography is the science of describing or representing the features of a particular surface

  3. Corneal topography • Computer- assisted videokeratoscopy • The most accurate and powerful tool for measurement of corneal surface

  4. The importance of anterior corneal surface • The anterior cornea is the major refractive surface of the eye • Average refractive power is 43 D (+49 D for anterior surface and –6 D for posterior surface)

  5. Parameters for description of corneal shape • Surface slope • Radius of curvature • Power • Elevation

  6. Curvature and power • Curvature • A measurement of shape of the cornea • Geometric property • Power • A measurement of refractive effect of the cornea • Functional property • Radius of curvature is more accurate than power

  7. Conversion of curvature to power • Snell’s law • p = (n2-n1)/r • Where n1 is the refractive index of the first medium (air = 1) and n2 is the refractive index of the second medium (cornea = 1.376)

  8. ANSI: Geometry and Optics • Curvatureis always geometric (a property of surface shape) and can only be applied to surfaces individually. • Poweris always optical (a property of the surface shape, refractive index, and illumination incidence) and can be applied to any sequence of surfaces. • Although the conventional color maps (axial and tangential) are expressed in diopters (the unit of optical power), they actually display surface curvature. Henceforth these “power” maps will be called curvature maps.

  9. Standard keratometric Index • Refractive index of corneal stroma is 1.376 • However, the curvature of posterior corneal surface is not easy to measure • Therefore the Standard kexratometric Index (SKI=1.3375 ) is an approximation to take account both corneal surfaces • p = (1.3375-1)/r • P = 0·3375/r

  10. Inaccuracy of power • Conversion formula assumes: • Spherical optics • The curvature of posterior cornea to be normal • Cornea to be normal thickness • Cornea to have uniform RI

  11. Radius of curvature • Global (axial or sagital) • Local (tangential or instantaneous)

  12. Global Radius of curvature • Calculates the curvature of the cornea radially at points along each of the meridians • It measures the perpendicular distance from the tangent at a point to the optical axis • The algorithms have a spherical bias

  13. Radius of Curvature Global / Axial / Sagital Local / Instantaneous / Tangential X X Y Y r r X X r r Y Y

  14. Methods of measurement of corneal shape • Keratometry • Keraoscopy • Photokeratoscopy • Videokeratoscopy

  15. Keratometer

  16. Photokeratoscopes No elliptic distortion of the mires due to irregular astigmatism

  17. Placido-type light cone of videokerastoscope

  18. Mires images

  19. Components of videokerastoscopes

  20. Reflection-based Topography Optics of convex mirrors

  21. Measuring radius of curvature Magnification=M = I/O = v/u v = u X I/O v= r/2 r/2 = u X I/O r = radius of curvature = 2u X I/O

  22. Measurement of Topography Radius of curvature / Power

  23. Mires and color map

  24. Evaluation of mires and color map Pear-shape distortion of mires representing irregular astigmatism due to pterygium Color map shows irregular pattern

  25. Color coding • The most useful form of data presentation is a color-coded corneal contour map • Steep areas are depicted as "hot colors," such as reds and browns, and flat areas as "cool colors," such as blues and greens

  26. Color map

  27. Color scales • Absolute scale • Normalized scale • Adjustable

  28. The normalized scale should NOT be used for Keratoconus Suspects It emphasizes features that are not clinically significant

  29. A case of subclinical keratoconus plotted using scales with different step intervals

  30. Axial Map • Axial curvature (formerly termed sagital curvature) measures the curvature at a certain point on the corneal surface in axial direction relative to the center • The axial map shows the corneal curvature calculated with respect to the optical axis of the cornea. • Axial topography is similar to manual keratometry in that it is most accurate within the central portion of the cornea.

  31. ضمن عرض پوزش بدلیل حجم بالای LECTUER ادامه اسلایدها امکان پذیر نمیباشد در صورت نیاز به ادامه لطفا به واحد سمعی و بصری مرکز آموزشی درمانی فیض مراجعه و یا با شماره تلفن 03114476010 داخلی 392تماس حاصل نمائید با تشکر

More Related