CELLS!

1. CELLS! Unit 3 – Lesson 2

2. Cells • There are many different kinds of cells, and they do many different things. • Many organisms live life as a single cell! We say they are unicellular! • Other organisms are clusters of cells. We say they are multicellular!

3. ATOMS COMBINE TO MAKE SMALL BASIC UNTIS OF LIFE! We call these CELLS

4. Multicellular or Unicellular?

5. Multicellular Organisms • Multicellular organiams are ORGANIZED. The cells don’t just float around at random, They work together to make different structures.

6. CELL TISSUE ORGAN ORGANISM ORGAN SYSTEM

7. So, since we are talking about cells…what does the INSIDE of a cell look like? Is it organized too? Life Inside A Cell Video

9. Comparing Cells • Since there are so many different cells, we categorize them into two types. • Prokaryotes • Eukaryotes

10. Prokaryotes • Prokaryotes – lack membrane bound organelles. • Examples: • Single-cell organisms • Bacteria Uhh, what’s a membrane?

11. BACTERIA

12. Eukaryotes • Eukaryotes – cells that contain membrane bound organelles. • Examples: • Protists • Fungi • Plants • Animals

13. Eukaryotes • There are two main types of eukaryotic cells. • Plant cells • Animal cells Animal Cell Plant Cell

14. ANIMAL CELL

15. PLANT CELL

16. Cell Organization

17. Cell Organization • All life is organized, remember? So cells have tiny structures that help with their function. • We call these ORGANELLES! Looks like mini-organs!

18. Cell Wall • Tough rigid outer coverings that protects the cell and give it shape. • Found in plants, algae, fungi, and some bacteria.

19. Cell Membrane • Protective layer around all cells. • For cells with a cell wall, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall. • It allows food and oxygen into the cell and waste products outof the cell.

20. Cell (Plasma) MEMBRANE The pink structure indicates a protein in the cell membrane Cell Membrane Video

22. Cytoplasm • The “soup” in which all other organelles reside. A gelatin like mixture. • Chemical reactions occur within the cytoplasm. • Holds organelles in place.

23. Nucleus • Contains the DNA responsible for providing the cell with its unique characteristics. • Acts as the control center. • Contains a nucleolus.

24. Chloroplasts H2O CO2 • Green organelle that makes food for a plant. • Contains chlorophyll. • Where photosynthesis occurs (photosynthesis allows the plant to make food). Sugar

25. Mitochondria Sugar O2 • Provides the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce secretory products, and contract. • Where cellular respiration occurs. ENERGY

26. Ribosomes • The site of protein synthesis. • making proteins for the cell • Can be found on Rough ER.

27. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Where cellular materials are processed. • Smooth ER – when no ribosomes are present. • Rough ER – when ribosomes are attached.

28. Golgi Bodies • Sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into vesicles. • Vesicles deliver substances to other areas of the cell.

29. Vacuole • Stores water, waste products, food, and other cellular material. • In a plant cell, vacuoles are very large! This is because plants need to store more materials.

30. Lysosome • Breaks down food molecules, cell wastes, and worn out organelles. Lyse = Cut Some = Body

31. BACTERIA LYSOSOME

32. BACTERIA

33. BACTERIA

34. BACTERIA

35. BACTERIA

40. RECYCLED PARTS LYSOSOME RECYCLED PARTS RECYCLED PARTS

41. Other Organelles • Cells can move using a flagella or cilia.