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BLOOD

BLOOD. http:// www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html. THE FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD. Transportation transports nutrients, hormones, gases, and wastes to and from all cells Regulation carries chemical messengers, regulates temperature, regulates pH and water concentrations

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BLOOD

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  1. BLOOD http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html

  2. THE FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD • Transportation • transports nutrients, hormones, gases, and wastes to and from all cells • Regulation • carries chemical messengers, regulates temperature, regulates pH and water concentrations • Protection • Carries specialized cells and chemicals to fight disease • Clotting prevents bleeding

  3. BLOOD • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXyq6dOASt0&feature=related

  4. Componentsof Blood(4 – 6 liters volume)

  5. Componentsof Blood • Plasma • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets

  6. Plasma • Clear straw colored liquid part (55% of blood) • 90% water • 10% salts, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, enzymes, hormones, cellular wastes, proteins

  7. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) • carries oxygen and carbon dioxide (hemoglobin in the cytoplasm) • 30 trillion in your blood • 2 million/sec made in the bone marrow, live 120 days • broken down by liver and spleen, hemoglobin recycled • flat disk shaped for increased surface area and rapid exchange of gases – no nuclei • reduced # of red blood cells is called anemia

  8. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)

  9. White blood cells (leukocytes) • protects body from bacteria and viruses • 60 billion in your blood • 1 million/sec produced in bone marrow and lymphatic tissue • move by ambiotic motion through out the tissues to attack infection • normal count = 7,000 – 10,000/cm3 • infection present = 1,000,000/cm3

  10. Types of Leukocytes • neutrophils – phagocytosis of small particles • monocytes – phagocytosis of large particles • eosinophils – clot digesting enzymes • basophils – anticoagulant (heparin) causes inflammation • macrophage – ingests foreign invaders

  11. Types of Leukocytes • lymphocytes – immune response

  12. Types of Leukocytes

  13. A white blood cell is stalking the green bacterium, shown at the lower right.

  14. Platelets • Cell fragments involved in clotting

  15. Blood Clotting • Clotting reduces bleeding in small wounds by the platelets sticking to the wall and rupturing materials that result in a network of strands that trap red blood cells and seal the leak • Smooth walls of the vessels and anticoagulants stop clotting under normal conditions • Clotting problems come from decreased platelets in the blood or decreased vitamin K

  16. Blood Clotting

  17. Unwanted clots • In the coronary arteries – heart attack

  18. Unwanted clots • In the cerebral arteries – stroke

  19. Unwanted clots • In the lungs – shortness of breath

  20. Components of the BloodThese components can be separated by centrifuge

  21. Components of the Blood protects body from bacteria and viruses transports gasses nutrients, wastes hormones carries gases O2 and CO2 (hemoglobin) clotting mechanism sticks to the wall of blood vessels ruptures, releases fibers that trap rbc’s bone marrow and lymphatic tissue bone marrow most numerous cells in the blood reabsorbed by the body or removed as pus liver and spleen hemoglobin recycled increased # of wbc’s = infection or leukemia diminished clotting = hemophilia decreased # of rbc’s = anemia

  22. BLOOD TYPES

  23. Antigens Proteins on the surface of the red blood cells • Antigen A • Antigen B

  24. Antibodies • in the plasma that will react and destroy red blood cells that match that antigen • Anti-A • Anti-B

  25. getting the wrong blood type

  26. Rh Factor • Rh antigens may or may not be present on the red blood cells • If present = Rh+ • If not present = Rh-

  27. Rh Factor • If mom is Rh- and her baby is Rh+, she will develop antibodies against the baby’s red blood cells • There is no danger in the first pregnancy because the antibodies are developing • During the second pregnancy, mom’s antibodies will destroy baby’s red blood cells • Injection given after each birth to destroy mom’s antibodies

  28. Circulation of Lymph • Lymph is colorless, watery intercellular fluid that bathes all cells of the body • Lymph helps exchange substances between blood and body cells • Intercellular fluid is made up of: • fluid that diffuses out of the blood • water, salts, proteins, nutrients • Excess fluid and proteins return to the blood through the lymphatic system

  29. The Lymphatic System • Lymphatic capillaries are closed at one end • One directional vessels with valves to prevent backflow • Lymph moves by muscular actions of the body

  30. The Lymphatic System • Lymph from the lower body, left head, chest, and arm empty into the thoracic duct which empties into the left side of the neck • Lymph form the right head, chest, and arm empties into the vein in the right side of the neck

  31. Lymph Nodes or Glands • Filter the lymph of bacteria or cancer cells • Produce white blood cells • Swollen glands indicate infection • Lymphoid tissues in the spleen also filter out bacteria and worn out red blood cells

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